I. difference between two clean rooms
In the upsurge of construction of clean operation Department in China, many hospitals are not very clear about the connotation of clean operation Department, and tend to focus on the selection of equipment, the grade of materials, the appearance of decoration, the grade of operation room, the number of operation rooms and the size of operation room area, etc.; while engineering companies are mixed, some even clean operation rooms belong to biological clean rooms The scope is not clear, using the design and configuration of the industrial clean room to contract the clean operating room project, some of them are aware of the "old offense", in order to cut the cost of the project and reduce the cost of the project, they do not design and construct according to the requirements of the biological clean room, so that after the completion of the clean operating room project in some hospitals, they are not really clean operating rooms.
Operating room purification workshop purification laboratory purification
The definition and requirements of clean operating department are very clear in the building technical code for hospital clean operating department in China. Clean operating department belongs to the category of biological clean room, and there is a great difference between biological clean room and industrial clean room.
First of all, the main objects of protection of biological clean room and industrial clean room are different. The main protection object of biological clean room is human, while the main protection object of industrial clean room is product.
Secondly, due to the different protection objects, their relevant parameters require different focus and parameters. In terms of cleanliness requirements, industrial cleanrooms mainly control dust particles, while biological cleanrooms mainly control living bacteria and viruses (their carriers are also mainly dust particles). Therefore, the principle of humidity priority is put forward in the control elements of biological clean room. In addition to conventional air purification measures, necessary disinfection and sterilization measures must be adopted in the biological clean room.
Clean operating department belongs to the category of biological clean room, but there are some special medical function requirements, so it is obviously different from ordinary industrial clean room in design and construction.
II. Graphic design
The clean operating department is not as large and large as the industrial clean room, and its functional areas are relatively concentrated and concise. It can only be divided into clean area, buffer area and common area. The control rooms of the clean operation Department are relatively scattered with small area, small volume and complex functions. The process has strict requirements on the cleaning and pollution of people, objects and objects. The relevant functional areas are required to be complete and arranged reasonably. At the same time, they should meet the requirements of infection control management of the medical and health departments. It is often divided into super clean area, clean area, clean area, buffer area, common area, pollution area, auxiliary function area and other areas.

The industrial clean room personnel enter the clean area from the common area, and there are dressing rooms and air shower rooms. The passage for medical staff of clean operation Department from common area to clean area is equipped with one change room, shower room and two change rooms. The patient passage should be wide and convenient, and enter the clean area through the bed changing room and buffer area. The passage of goods must be clean. The larger operating department should also be equipped with quick disinfection treatment room, cleaning room, blood room, gypsum room, specimen room and other auxiliary rooms. There should be sufficient storage areas for drugs, instruments, dressings, instruments and equipment in the auxiliary clean area, as well as areas for anesthesia preparation, recovery room, nurse station, cleaning car storage, etc. The office area shall be set in the ordinary area.

III. unit configuration
The air conditioning unit of the clean operating department is different from that of the common industrial clean room except for the cold and heat source unit. In the selection of air handling units, biological cleaning units must be selected, not ordinary industrial air handling units.
The fan of industrial clean room unit is set at the end of the unit, and each functional section is in negative pressure state. For the unit of biological clean room, the fan is at the front of the unit, and each functional section is in the positive pressure state. In order to minimize the water into the air duct, its pressure and wind speed have strict requirements.
The inner wall of the air treatment unit in the biological clean room requires the use of non dust and anti-corrosion materials, and should be equipped with effective disinfection and sterilization devices. The condensate discharge shall be equipped with anti reverse suction device, as well as quick drying treatment of condensate tray.
The fresh air of the biological clean room is best designed for centralized treatment. The fresh air unit shall be equipped with three-stage filters of coarse efficiency, medium efficiency and sub high efficiency. Each functional section of the fresh air unit shall be coarse efficiency filtration section, electric preheating section, fan section, flow sharing section, medium efficiency filtration, surface cooling section (including water baffle and condensate discharge tray, anti reverse suction device, tray quick drying device), buffer section, heating section, sub high efficiency filtration section, humidification section, air outlet section, etc.
The air supply pipe of the fresh air unit and the air supply and return pipe of the circulating unit shall be equipped with silencers. The muffler is a double-layer microporous plate muffler. The interlayer shall not be filled with sponge or rock wool.
At present, some engineering companies often use the common industrial clean room unit instead of the biological clean room unit to use in the clean operation Department project. In this way, the price of circulating units varies from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of Yuan depending on the air volume. If the configuration of the new air unit is centralized and simple, the difference between each unit is as large as tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of yuan. At present, most of the fresh air units in China are not equipped with sub high efficiency filter section, which has a great impact on the service life of the end of the high efficiency filter.
IV. air system treatment and air duct production
The air treatment of biological clean room must go through three-stage filtration. The three-stage filtration is not simply to set the coarse effect filter, medium effect filter and high-efficiency filter, which is called the three-stage filtration, but to set the three-stage filtration of fresh air circulation and end high-efficiency filtration. The fresh air unit is equipped with coarse efficiency, medium efficiency and sub high efficiency filters, the circulating unit is equipped with coarse efficiency and medium efficiency filters, and the end static pressure box is equipped with high efficiency filters. According to different requirements, exhaust air is equipped with different levels of filters. At present, some projects only set the coarse effect filter, medium effect filter and high efficiency filter at the end of the fresh air unit, without the circulation unit section, and carry out the construction of the clean operating room in a very simple configuration and way. Such a clean operating department project can also be called the pseudo clean hand cleaning department project.
What's more, in the fan configuration of the whole system, only a few casings are made, and there are only fans and medium efficiency filter sections inside. This way is not good at all.
High efficiency filter of air supply ceiling must be equipped with enough "quantity". The over air volume of the high efficiency filter shall not exceed 80% of the over air volume of the high efficiency filter. Now, there are many companies in the high-efficiency filter configuration design, the air flow of the high-efficiency filter has reached or even exceeded 100%. In this way, although the investment of the engineering company is reduced and the service life of the high-efficiency filter is shortened, the trouble of the user is increased, and the safety hazard and operation cost are increased.
In addition, during the design and construction of air supply volume and air duct, the parameters that are relatively small are used, and the fresh air volume is also very small, which causes the staff in the clean operating room to feel "insufficient air, chest tightness, dizziness" and other phenomena.
The clean operating room shall be equipped with an exhaust system, which is configured with the design of joint control, filtering, silencing, fan, check, insect prevention, rat air outlet, etc. In the joint control of drainage, drainage and air supply shall be jointly controlled. Drainage shall be started before air supply and then closed after air supply. The ventilation in the positive pressure chamber shall also be jointly controlled with the door. When the door is opened, the ventilation shall be closed. When the door is closed, the ventilation can be opened to prevent the outdoor polluted air from entering the room.
Before making the air duct, the galvanized plate shall be degreased, cleaned and disinfected. The air duct flange shall be made of angle steel with corresponding strength. Flange is required to be flat, even and symmetrical, and must be glued before undercutting. The flange shall be sheared by the splayed cutting method, and the flanging shall be about 9mm. After the air duct is made, it shall be wiped clean immediately and stored with film seal. When installing the air duct, it should be disinfected and scrubbed again, and then wiped clean with silk or mercerized towel. Foam rubber must be used as sealing gasket during installation. The flange mounting bolts shall be tightened evenly in diagonal fractions. The air duct can be insulated only after leak detection. Foam rubber material shall also be used for insulation. Wooden brackets shall also be used for air ducts on hangers to prevent cold bridges.
Now, many projects are not strict in the production and installation of air ducts, often using the production and installation methods of common air conditioning air ducts. In some projects, the return air duct of the operating room is shared with the return air duct in the corridor and auxiliary room. The air duct is also filled with sound-absorbing materials such as Shanghai cotton and mineral wool.
V. control system
The control system of the clean operating department is the control means and intuitive reflection of the control parameters of the whole clean operating department, and it is also a part with high technology content in the clean operating department engineering. The equipment, facilities and components of the control system shall be of high quality. Proportional integral valve and electrical components are best imported high-quality products. Special control cabinet shall be set for fresh air unit, circulating unit, information panel, remote control, etc. Bypass system shall be set in the control of water system, and high-quality brand shall be selected for solenoid valve. The door of operating room, unit and exhaust system shall be equipped with joint control. The shadowless lamp and the operation termination lamp should also be jointly controlled. Alarm devices for leakage of medical gas, pressure difference change and fire fighting shall also be provided.
Vi. enclosure structure
The steel structure of the enclosure structure of the operating room must be protected against corrosion, including the anchor bolts and wooden bolts.
Air tight sealing box shall be made on the back of medical gas terminal and socket box on the wall. Gas sealing means shall also be provided for various pipelines.
If the metal solid panel is used as wall and top material, its back plate shall be lined with 12mm thick waterproof gypsum board, and shall be provided with steel bars and ribs to increase the strength of its enclosure structure, impact resistance, moisture-proof, sound insulation and heat preservation functions. Some engineering companies use ordinary low faced gypsum board with the thickness of 9 mm to replace waterproof gypsum board with the thickness of 12 mm. The price difference is about 2.5 times.
The welding of metal plate connection must be done by sub arc welding machine instead of ordinary welding machine.
The anti-bacterial coating of the surface layer shall be imported high-grade anti-bacterial and anti-bacterial coating. The coating shall have the ability of sterilization and anti-corrosion, be resistant to scrubbing, impact (strong adhesion), and not easy to fall off and dust. Many companies use ordinary coatings with antibacterial function to replace high-quality coatings with antibacterial and sterilization functions, and their prices are also four times higher.
The ceiling of the clean auxiliary area is better to adopt the metal surface layer, either the large plate or the aluminum square plate. However, all joints behind the ceiling must be sealed with glue.
7. Clean the door of the operating room
The installation and opening direction of the clean operating room door are required. The front door of the positive pressure operating room is preferably installed on the inside of the operating room, and the front door of the negative pressure operating room is preferably installed on the outside of the operating room. The best way to open the back door of positive pressure operating room is from outside to inside, and the best way to open the back door of negative pressure operating room is from inside to outside.
VIII. Lamp configuration
All lamps in the clean area must be built-in medical airtight lamps. During installation, all openings and joints must be sealed with rubber rings, pads or sealant.
Common grid lamps, ceiling lamps and other lighting lamps can be used for lamps in common areas.
In some specific areas of the clean operating department, emergency lighting lamps should be set up.
The price of ordinary lighting is usually between tens and 1200 yuan. The price of medical airtight lamps is more than 300 yuan to 400 yuan.
IX. UPS power system
UPS power supply system should also be equipped for clean operation. According to the length of emergency power supply time, the cost of UPS power supply for clean operation Department of 1000m2 can be between 280000-400000-500000.
X. some special requirements for class I clean operating room
The first-class clean operating rooms are usually large-scale and super large-scale operating rooms, which need to do some large-scale operations with high difficulty, many instruments and equipment are needed, and some instruments and equipment have more environmental requirements, so some special configurations are needed.
Isolation transformer system is required. However, there is a big gap between the domestic isolation transformer system and the imported isolation transformer system, so it is generally equipped with the imported high-quality isolation transformer system, and the reasonable configuration of the system often requires more than 100000 yuan.
Make electrostatic conductive floor. Electrostatic conductive floor and anti-static floor are different, from the material, glue, cushion are different, the construction process is also different, the cost and the ordinary anti-static floor is also about twice the difference.
The air supply ceiling system is also different. The primary clean operating room can be called local laminar flow operating room. The air volume of the air supply must meet the requirements of the cleanliness of the primary operating room and various parameters. Besides, the uniformity of the wind speed is also required. The opening rate of the air supply ceiling should not exceed 18%. And some units only make a layer of metal orifice on the surface of the ceiling, there is no static pressure box at all, only a few small efficient air supply outlets are set behind the metal orifice to pretend to be the ceiling.
From the comparison of the above several aspects, we can see the various situations in the design and construction of the clean operating department. Therefore, when designing and constructing the clean operating department, we must not only pay attention to the appearance. Only with the joint efforts of the construction party, the design party and the construction party of the clean operating department, can we dedicate the real and genuine clean operating room to the society.
Shandong ed purification Engineering Co., Ltd., founded in August 2010, has been committed to the construction of special departments in the hospital for ten years. It is a professional enterprise engaged in purification of clean operating department, design of clean operating room, construction of ICU ward, construction of neonatal NICU, CCU ward, hospital laboratory, decoration of central supply room, construction of laminar flow ward and design and construction of vein configuration center. The main service object is a large, medium and small hospital, which has the qualification of professional contracting related to purification engineering. There are many industry cases. Welcome new and old customers to come for consultation. For more knowledge of medical purification industry, please pay attention to WeChat public address: Aide-188 (Ed purify oxygen supply).