Under the background of medical reform, modern general hospitals are developing continuously, and their image has changed significantly. Patients also put forward higher requirements for the quality of medical services. All these make hospitals need to reform and optimize in all aspects. Water supply and drainage are an indispensable part of hospital construction institutions. Requirements from various sources (such as ease of use, energy saving, environmental protection, safety and reliability, etc.) need to be met.
Therefore, in order to make the water supply and drainage design meet the needs of users, it is necessary to make a thorough investigation in the early stage of design, clarify the design requirements of buildings, and take effective measures to improve the effect of water supply and drainage design combined with other professional design schemes.
1. Design Requirements of Water Supply and Drainage in Modern General Hospital Buildings
01 Water Supply System
As an indispensable design in the architectural design of modern general hospital, it not only provides daily water for daily life, but also water for all medical equipment in the hospital. There are different requirements in every aspect of the water quality standard for each instrument, such as pressure, temperature, water quality, etc., and sometimes it has to be carried out accordingly. Pressurization and decompression measures, or to do different water quality pretreatment.
In the central supply room, laboratory, pathology department, preparation room and other departments requiring aseptic operation, medical pure water is usually required in the use of water. There are also differences in water treatment requirements according to different water use areas.
In order to make rational and effective use of water resources and give full play to different functions in medical treatment, many hospitals have comprehensively reconstructed the system, centralized preparation of medical pure water system and supply of different components. This model first refines the water standard and quantity of each department to meet the use of medical pure water and drinking water in the relevant departments of each building of the hospital. This management mode is characterized by centralized management, which can effectively save space and equipment, reduce costs, and ensure the quality of water supply in hospitals.
02 Wastewater Treatment System
There are many wastewater in hospitals every day. Some departments also produce wastewater containing radioactive substances, heavy metals, pathogens and chemical substances. If these wastewater can not be treated in time, it will cause harm to the environment.
The design of hospital wastewater system is generally as follows:
· The outdoor drainage system adopts rain, sewage and waste diversion.
· In addition to the sewage and waste diversion system used in the ward toilet, the sewage and waste combined drainage system is used in the other areas.
03 fire sprinkler system
The system is distributed in the whole hospital building structure, which is related to the safety of the hospital. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the hospital, it is necessary to ensure the sensitivity of the system, and then effectively guarantee the relevant work of the hospital, so that the hospital can operate normally and safely. In the design of fire sprinkler system, it is necessary to combine the structure of the whole building and to be consistent with it. The pipes and sprinklers need to be reasonably arranged so as to control the fire efficiently and automatically and ensure the safety of the hospital.
Water Requirements of 04 Departments

There are many departments in the hospital. Each Department has high requirements in water use. Especially some departments such as baby-washing room, maternity room and operating room need not only timely supply to ensure water quantity and quality, but also pay attention to the replacement of hot and cold water, and pay attention to the switching between them. Special attention should be paid to water temperature regulation and control. It is not possible to change poorly or be hot and cool for a while. In order to achieve constant temperature treatment, it is necessary to ensure the safety and cleanliness of taps. This requires attention to the rational choice of sanitary ware, such as the use of lead-free stainless steel taps, so as to avoid fouling of water sources. Dyeing to ensure clean and sanitary water supply. In hospital hygiene and cleaning, sanitary appliances in infectious ward should choose non-manual switch. In water heaters, infrared automatic induction temperature control valve and constant temperature valve are usually adopted.

2. Specific measures for water supply and drainage design of modern general hospital buildings
01 to optimize the design of hospital water quality
In the design of water supply and drainage in modern general hospital buildings, it is necessary to organize water quality optimization, which is also the basis to ensure the health of patients.
One
It is necessary to divide the water use area according to the difference of each department, such as stomatology, operation room, gynecology and obstetrics, and so on. In the layout of water system, disinfection treatment system is needed to ensure the quality of water use. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the management of water supply and drainage equipment, to fully consider the particularity of the hospital, in line with the different requirements of each department. In the system, not only disinfection equipment should be installed, but also some optimization work should be done, such as heat treatment, dust differentiation management, bacterial control and so on. Managers need to test the water quality in use to see if the quality meets the medical water quality standards.
Two
Property managers need to maintain it regularly. In case of unstable water flow, they need to inspect the pressure processor of the water supply system at the first time and inspect the leakage points of the water supply system.
It is necessary to design water supply and drainage system purposefully according to the requirements of each department. For example, in the delivery room or dermatology department, it is necessary to coordinate the processing of hardware facilities, need to add the cold water circulation system to the equipment, according to the actual requirements of the corresponding adjustment and control. In the preparation room, attention should be paid to the inspection of water body. Water quality monitoring center and distilled water purifier should be equipped in the water pipe.
02 Optimizing Water Supply and Drainage Equipment
There are a lot of people in the hospital every day and the staff is complex, which makes it easy to cross-infection. Therefore, in order to reduce this risk, we need to design the water supply switch without touching it by hand as much as possible. We can adopt other ways, such as foot, elbow and knee, so that we can. Ensure water safety and hygiene. However, if we choose pedal style, we need to pay attention to seepage prevention, to prevent a lot of water on the ground and cause people to slip carelessly.
To ensure that the water temperature is constant in departments using hot and cold water faucets, the induction electromagnetic control is necessary. If there are departments with special requirements for effluent quality, such as laboratories and preparation rooms, this should be installed in accordance with the actual requirements. Wastewater from laboratory and laboratory wastewater usually needs to be pre-treated before it can be discharged. The wastewater may contain pathogens and be acid-alkali corrosive, which may affect pipelines and other treatment equipment. This needs to pay attention to the selection of drainage pipe material, take special anti-corrosion treatment to prevent pipeline from a series of problems, such as harmful substances penetration, rupture, rust and so on.
03 Strengthen Drainage Pipeline Design
It is necessary to strengthen the optimization design and treatment of drainage pipes for sewage wastewater produced in modern general hospitals. For example, patients'blood, test waste, chemical pollution, radioactive materials, pathological slices and so on, all of these need to establish drainage pipelines for collection, implementation of harmless disinfection treatment, after treatment can let specialized manufacturers to implement incineration and discharge. Heavy metal wastewater produced in laboratory and dental work needs chemical precipitation or ion exchange treatment before it can be discharged.
Wastewater containing radioactive elements produced in hospitals should be stored for a long time to meet the needs of element decay. After that, these wastewater should be treated in a decay tank. Only after the wastewater meets the national discharge guarantee, can it be discharged specially. It also needs irregular sampling and discharge of wastewater, and then the first time. Find problems and solve them.
Whether it is safety or environmental protection requirements, hospitals need to strengthen the treatment of harmful substances contained in water when treating sewage. For organic pollutants, the sewage terminal of hospital water supply and drainage system should be removed by biochemical treatment. After all disinfection, it can be discharged, which is used in sewage disinfection. The treatment fluid needs to meet the relevant requirements and make scientific choices.
The excrement, sewage and wastes produced in the departments of infectious disease wards in hospitals should be specially treated by biochemical treatment before they can enter the unified drainage system and be treated together with other sewage and wastewater to ensure that the quality of drainage water meets the requirements of the norms. After entering the municipal drainage system, there should be no serious risk. Fundamentally ensure the safety of water supply and drainage.
3. Concluding remarks
In order to meet these requirements, the design of water supply and drainage system should proceed from the overall situation and consider comprehensively in order to ensure the sanitation and safety of water use and the environmental protection of drainage. 。 Only in the end can we meet the water supply and drainage design requirements of modern general hospitals and serve the public. (Source: Construction Medicine)
* Design Requirements and Specific Measures for Water Supply and Drainage in Modern General Hospital Buildings
Author: Yang Lei