Experimental animal housing projects and spf animal room and clean room engineering, like animals, animals depending on the degree of microbiological control room can be divided into open systems, barrier systems and isolation systems in Class 3. Open systems ordinary animal breeding; no specific pathogen barrier system feeding the animals (SPF animals); sterile isolation system feeding the animals and gnotobiotic animals. In addition to ordinary general animal rooms are clean animal room.
 

Experimental animal room location requirements

Clean animal housing should be built in a clean environment quiet, high and dry, drainage, ventilation, water, electricity supply and secure place. Far away from the factory, the downtown neighborhoods, slaughtering plants, livestock and poultry farms, as well as threats and hazards foci polluted areas. Animal room should separate building production and research units within a cell, isolated from other departments.

  

SPF-class animal room

Layout: clean animal housing generally consists of keeping room, health observation room, quarantine room, various laboratories (surgery, experimental treatment anatomy, postoperative management, disease diagnosis, treatment, physiological and biochemical tests, microorganisms quarantine, nutritional analysis and Special feed modulation chamber, etc.), as well as storage room, preparation room cleaning, washing sterilization room, staff houses (including offices, shower room, locker room, etc.), corridor (clean area and the contaminated area), waste treatment facilities, room and substations and other components. Its layout should make reasonable flow path animals and goods, convenient operation.

 

Strict distinction between clean and contaminated area region to the guarantor and animal health, ensure the accuracy of the experiment (people, animals and goods flow path Figure). Breeding room flat size is determined according to the amount of the comprehensive study breeding, feeding mode, cages frame size, arrangement, indoor environment, feeding management and operating methods. To avoid temperature and humidity gradient occurs in the vertical direction, cage height of not more than 1.8 meters, the ceiling height should be within the range of 2.2 to 3 meters. Corridor width to facilitate the operation and handling of materials and equipment, in order to not less than 1.3 m is appropriate. Size Clean preparation room shall be determined in accordance with the job content and sterilization equipment and other facilities occupied space.

 

Construction: experimental animal room should not be outside the environmental pollution, should have a higher degree of cleanliness, and is confined, interior walls, ceiling and floors should be smooth and easy to clean, leaving as little as possible openings. Therefore, the traditional practice in the laboratory in the building, its walls, ceiling are made of fireproof color steel, self-leveling epoxy floor is 3mm thick, sealed with aluminum rear interface fillet.

Pressure: clean animal room (http://www.iwuchen.com/) requires a sterile, non-polluting and its staff and external environment does not substantially harm it in air pressure, airflow design arrangements should be high to Low namely: clean hallways (50Pa) → Studio (35Pa) → pollution Corridor (20Pa) → pre-treatment chamber (10Pa), by focusing on the exhaust pipe, and properly deal with discharge to the atmosphere. Furthermore, since the animals have higher requirements in its experimental phase was observed rearing their living environment and conditions, cleanliness, temperature, humidity, wind speed, illumination, etc. are higher, and therefore in its design and construction should also be considered One of the important factors.

Disinfection: material out of the laboratory to be disinfected, clean animal room generally choose off the wall pass-through autoclave sterilizer.

  

General requirements for experimental animal rooms

Size Clean preparation room shall be determined in accordance with the job content and sterilization equipment and other facilities occupied space. Clean preparation room, clean corridors with the wash chamber with walls separated by walls not allow cracks.

Floors should be flat and not slippery, impermeable, watertight, corrosion and abrasion resistant liquid. Room stringent environmental requirements, but also consider selecting low dust material. Wall angle should be no smooth edges. Within the walls should be smooth, water resistance, abrasion resistance, corrosion disinfectant. Wall angle and wall, wall and ceiling or beam should be smooth without edges. Ceilings are generally not under pressure, using a material coated with a thin waterproof cement board, water will be able to withstand corrosion and disinfectant.

Feeding chamber is typically no exterior windows, nor provided the window between keeping room, to avoid interference. Keeping room door, should adopt the aluminum seal door opening direction should be noted that the indoor and outdoor pressure. Door barrier and non-barrier between non satisfy certain conditions should be set in the device can not be opened.

Wooden structures are generally only as a simple temporary building; mixed structure multi storey construction. Integrity of the reinforced concrete frame structure is good, small deformation, should adopt in multi-storey buildings. Steel skeleton, with galvanized corrugated metal panels, inserts polystyrene rigid foam board insulation envelope do have better airtight insulation properties.

  

Experimental animal room equipment includes:

① air conditioning and air purification equipment. Animal House - experimental animal rooms - Animal Room decontamination - animal housing design and construction of animal room air conditioning and air purification system design should adopt a centralized, computer room is generally arranged in the bottom and top of the building. Animal control room temperature and humidity through air conditioning units. Common animal room air only for general dust filter, but the barrier system and isolation systems for air purification (h) requirements are extremely stringent. Air conditioning system shall be run for many years, otherwise it will bring disastrous consequences, therefore, must have an alternate air conditioning units.

② water supply and drainage equipment. Clean water is not less than the prescribed standard of tap water. Water barrier region, should all be disinfected and filtered. Water for drinking and using different disinfection liquid disinfectant. Animal drinking water isolation system should be set up independent of drinking water installations. Animal waste water chamber, to have a unified sewage system after treatment excluded.

③ lighting equipment. It relies entirely on animal room lighting, the use of bright 13 hours, 11 hours dark or light and shade of each 12 hours of lighting system, too bright light, harmful to animals. Therefore, it should install several low wattage light sources. In the non-operation time remains illumination, it can be observed during the operation to open the supplemental lighting.

  

SPF Laboratory Animal housing construction and management

Discussion SW (specific pathogen free specific pathogen free) animal laboratory in health-related product testing laboratories in the construction and management. The method in accordance with and "Guangdong Experimental animal management practices" requirements "People's Republic of China Laboratory Animal Management Regulations", for the SPF animal housing design and construction, and developed a series of management measures. Results of design and construction through scientific and strict management, the SPF level of animal room ambient conditions are in line with national standards, the Guangdong Experimental animal acceptance of the animal house made "experimental animal use permit." Conclusion Only through scientific design and construction and strict management, in order to ensure the SPF animal housing and running.

  

Guangdong Provincial Disease Prevention and Control Center / Guangdong Provincial Health Inspection Center in February 2002 by the China National Accreditation Board for Laboratories (CNAL) recognition site by the Ministry of Health approved health food testing laboratory and toxicology laboratories, cosmetics hygiene safety testing laboratories, accreditation bodies and toxic chemicals insecticides toxicology test lab, mainly engaged in functional food, toxicology and functional detection ordinary food, chemicals and fumigation products, and to assume the unexpected public health events (such as food poisoning, etc.) inspection tasks.

  

Currently, the toxicological safety evaluation and functional evaluation of China's relevant laws and regulations, regulatory requirements in many ways, mainly through animal experiments, therefore, the quality of animals is directly related to the accuracy of the experimental data, and the animals and their quality and Sources and experimental animals reared animal facilities and management has a direct link. According to "People's Republic of China Laboratory Animal Management Regulations" and "Guangdong Experimental animal management approach", in 2001, the Guangdong Provincial Disease Prevention and Control Center of SPF animal house newly built, in 2002 by the Guangdong Provincial Laboratory Animal monitor the acceptance achieved "Experimental animal use permit", officially put into use. Currently, SPF-class animal room main promoter functional food, toxicology and functional detection ordinary food, chemicals and fumigation products. SPF-class animal room set up and use, to further improve the accuracy and stability of the experimental data, animal room - Experimental Animal - Animal Room decontamination - animal housing design and construction to reduce the experimental error, but it also brings considerable economic benefit. Now the SPF animal housing situation described below.

1 Overview

1.1 Building Features

The new SPF-class animal room is converted from the original on the basis of common laboratory, animal house after reconstruction, the building area 600 m2, ceiling height 2.2 m, walls and ceilings using color steel sandwich panels, ground use epoxy resins. There are dual corridor inside (clean corridors and sub-clean corridors) design, barrier systems laboratory eight rats, mice laboratories 4, features two laboratories, quarantine room, observation room and storage room for each disinfectant items Question 1 (see FIG. 1). Furthermore, the outer barrier system with a control room, decontamination room, the dissection room, wash room.

1.2 air conditioning and ventilation systems

With a new air conditioning and ventilation systems. Air through the early effect, in effect, and tertiary filtration efficiency, air-conditioning equipment is located between the early effect and in effect filter, consists of two modular units composed, each unit has two compressors. Located in the center of the ceiling inlets, each set of four rectangular rooms for air vents, ground O. 3 m. Two air conditioning units are independent, when a unit overhaul, another unit can replace use, thus ensuring the normal operation of the whole system.

1.3 Design parameters [temperature: 18 ~ 29oC; Relative Humidity: 50% to 80%; ventilation frequency: 10 to 20 times / h; air flow rate: ≤O. 18 m / s; static differential pressure> 20 Pa; air cleanliness: the equivalent of ten thousand; falling number of bacteria <2.45 / I11; ammonia concentration <14 meCm3; noise <60 dB; Work illumination: 150-300 lx.

1.4 Purified water system

Water barrier within the system consists of a set of reverse osmosis purified water system supply. Water through four filters, ozone and ultraviolet disinfection into each room.

1.5 disinfection and sterilization equipment

In order to ensure access to the SPF animal room items have been thoroughly disinfected, the installation of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu SENOH Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. pulsating vacuum steam sterilizer.

1.6 Monitoring System

Each room within the barrier system are installed can be used for 270 to rotate the camera in the control room staff can carry out 24 h of monitoring, recording, reducing nuisance animals.

1.7 Communication System

Installed a multi-barrier system within the telephone, to facilitate contact work.

1.8 lighting, UV lamp system

Clean corridor, once clean corridors, laboratories etc. equipped with automatic switch control fluorescent and ultraviolet light. Open daily 7:30 am fluorescent, 19:30 automatically turn off fluorescent ...; clean hallways, corridors and no secondary clean room feeding animals automatically turn on every day at 12:30 and ultraviolet lamp 20:00 1 h.

1.9 Animal breeding cages

Feeding rats and mice cages used mainly polycarbonate (Pc) as a raw material, high temperature, high pressure, acid, transparency is high.

1.10 feed formulation

Feeding rats and mice feed in strict accordance with the "rat experimental animals such as mice feed" (GB14924.3-2001) formulated production [regularly (6 months) for feed hygiene effective nutrients and indicators for monitoring, to ensure that keeping in line with the requirements of feed.

2 SPF-class animal room operation and management

2.1 strict and scientific management is to ensure that the quality of an important part of the experiment

In the center of the experimental animal room when I start operation, we always adhere strictly control the quality of its environment, animal room - Experimental Animal - Animal Room decontamination - from animal housing design and construction of animal housing flat, clean design facilities to the facilities, the whole is completed under the guidance of experts in Guangdong Province Experimental Animal Institute. When animals every year insist on environmental facilities certificate expires, the initiative to apply expert Guangdong Province to monitor the animals for testing and guidance in identifying problems and possible risks. And every year, on the external environment barrier system self-test, to ensure the normal operation of the facility. In strengthening the management of the hardware, we also developed a series of management measures to ensure that all aspects of the animal room at the situation in line with the effective operation of the quality system requirements.

 

2.2 to develop operating instructions of SPF animal house management system and operation

Under the SPF animal housing in order to ensure the normal operation, we developed a set of scientific management system workable and appropriate work instructions to regulate the daily work of each, so that the SPF animal housing in compliance with the requirements of normal operation condition .

2.3 strengthen personnel training to improve the professional quality

Because of work need to enter the SPF experimental animal rooms and staff, must be "experimental animals technical training," the study organized by the Guangdong Provincial Institute of animal experiments in obtaining the "Guangdong Experimental animal practitioners qualification certificate" only after appointment . In their daily work, often organized workers to learn the rules and regulations and business knowledge, strengthen ideological and moral education, raise awareness of subjects in experimental animals.

2.4 strict implementation of staff medical system

Experimental animal staff medical examination once a year. Suffering from infectious diseases, especially zoonoses, during the illness can not continue to engage in experimental animal breeding, research work.

2.5 strict rules flows persons, objects, animals

Strictly follow the principle of one-way flow. Personnel flows: a first changing external environment, a shower and a second dressing a clean air shower __ a corridor between a laboratory once a clean corridor animal cushioning an external environment flows: buy SPF animal in a quarantine / observation room a laboratory once a buffer between a dissection room clean corridor article flows: between a high pressure sterilization decontamination equipment / Aqueduct / transfer window a disinfectant items storage compartment of a laboratory clean room once a buffer of a corridor outside environment

2.6 reasonable choice disinfection methods

Depending on the characteristics of SPF animal room into the various items, choose a different method of disinfection. Rearing cages, water bottles, bedding, clothes and utensils various experiments using high-pressure steam sterilizer sterilization; edible animal feed using radioactive irradiation (60co) disinfection methods; staff with slippers immersion method using Aqueduct (0 0.5% net sterilization solution) disinfection; for no heat, no water, no acid and is not radioactive materials irradiated using ultraviolet disinfection transfer window.

2.7 to maintain the normal operation of equipment, and actively carry out testing work indicators

Regular maintenance of air conditioning and ventilation systems, air vents replace every 1-2 weeks filtration membranes, replaced once every two months and in effect early efficiency filter bags, high efficiency filtration membrane replaced once a year; once every six months to detect microorganisms purchased feed indicators and nutrients tested once every six months to clean water microbial indicators: daily temperature and humidity, pressure and other monitoring.

2.8 do a good job cleaning and disinfection barrier environment inside and outside

Cleanliness barriers within the environment is the key to keeping the SPF animal room normal operation. After a day of experiments and breeding work is completed, the indoor environment clean, 3 times a week with a sterile disinfectant on the inner net cage rearing environment and the entire barrier system for disinfection.

2.9 do the daily work of the registration

The establishment of "personnel access register this" "out of the registration of the articles", "registration of the animal experiments", "laboratory environmental indicators registered this" do a good job every day record

Recording; the establishment of a database of experimental animals, animal room - Experimental Animal - Animal Room decontamination - animal housing design and construction of each lot purchased animal origin, variety, quantity, weight, Certificate of Conformity and Quarantine conducted a detailed record, and at any time

Now the computer.

Proper disposal of animal carcasses 2.10

After the animal experiment, the animals were sacrificed, temporarily stored in the refrigerator a 2o ℃, uniform delivery of health treatment plant for incineration.

3 Operation Problems and Suggestions

3.1 maintaining environmental conditions

Guangdong Province warm and humid climate, with a new air conditioning and ventilation systems for the control of temperature and humidity there are certain difficulties, such as increased dehumidification equipment at a pre-cooling air inlet will improve overall system performance.

3.2 feed nutrients

Regardless radiation exposure or high temperature and pressure method for disinfection of animal feed, will inevitably reduce some nutrients, especially vitamins. Therefore, we must often add eggs, seeds and a variety of vitamins in feed and drinking water to ensure that nutrition and health of laboratory animals.

Problems 3.3 and operators of

Former laboratory personnel and other staff into the animal room, locker shower work more difficult to control; greater humidity in shower, easily lead to bacterial growth and reproduction; whether staff in strict accordance with the norms wearing special clothes, etc., these factors will be on environment have been affected. Therefore, you should regularly conduct ethics education for employees, strengthen management.

3.4 energy conservation issues

24 h barrier system around the clock operation, filter, UV lamp, a special breeding cages need regular replacement, utilities huge expenditure, so that maintenance costs greatly. How to save energy, reduce operational costs is to maintain an unavoidable problem of SPF animal house for a long time operation. With the "experimental animal license management approach," the implementation of animal experiments increasing demands of experimental animals will gradually strengthen management, use of laboratory animals barrier facilities are increasingly being used, therefore, the design in the SPF animal housing and When construction should weave the experts to conduct feasibility studies to minimize existing problems recurring, while saving energy issues should be placed in an important position.

  

A description of the experimental animal room engineering design

  

I. Project Overview

This project is XXGLP experimental animal housing project. Existing buildings proposed facility is a total floor, the second floor of the building space proposed facility. Construction area are 600m2, floor height of 4.8m Master roof, as the available space. Facilities to be built in SPF large animal laboratory mice and rabbits of clean grade ,, guinea pig laboratory, clean grade rabbit, guinea pig laboratory should be upgraded to the future consideration of SPF reserved. Laboratory animal ownership: the laboratory should be able to protect the mice daily 600, the peak 1000 raising the amount of experimental mice; rats laboratory should be able to protect the 500 daily, 1000 raising the amount of the peak in rats ; laboratory rabbits fed daily routine should be able to guarantee 50 day source in rabbits and 200 rabbits; guinea pig laboratory should be able to protect the 200 guinea pig experiments and normal feeding.

  

Second, the design basis

1, the tender documents

2. Experimental animal environment and facilities GB 14925-2001

3, genetic quality control mammalian laboratory animals (GB2002-05-01 implementation)

4, experimental animal feed common quality standards (GB2002-05-01 implementation)

5, experimental animal feed hygiene standards (GB2002-05-01 implementation)

6, animals mouse rat feed (GB2002-05-01 implementation)

7, experimental animal rabbit feed (GB2002-05-01 implementation)

8, GB2002-05-01 experimental guinea pig animal feed (implementation)

9, animals Regulations 1988

10, clean room construction and acceptance JGJ71-90

11, Ambient Air Quality Standard GB 3095-1996

12, urban regional environmental noise standard GB 3096-1993

13, Radiation Health Protection basic standards GB 4792-1984

14, drinking water health standards GB 5794-1985

15. A comprehensive sewage discharge standards GB 8978-1996

16, ventilation and air conditioning construction and inspection standards GB 50243-1997

17, electrical installations Electrical engineering device according to the name of construction and acceptance of GB 50259-1996

18, clean plant design specifications GBJ 73-1984

19, building structure design unified standard GBJ 68-1984

  

Third, the process layout

1, the former district of settings: including offices, maintenance rooms, warehouses, feed room, general hallway.

2, breeding, production areas include: quarantine room, buffer room, breeding room, breeding room, cleaning materials storage room, clean corridors, dirt corridor.

3, animal experiments region include: buffer room, laboratory preparation room, laboratory, dirt corridor.

4, the auxiliary area include: warehouses, wash room, bathroom, staff lounge.

  

Fourth, decorative design

1, clean room wall must achieve a seamless airtight effect, pull and moisture between wall panels, wall panels and structure are fixed hemp bolt connections, all angle greater than 90 degrees and arc transition, with no dead. Wall color is light blue or mint green construction Party shall provide for the owners swatches wall matt effect. Processed into raw material for all ground states seamless seams, reflective material shall not be used.

2, office and clean room floor materials imported PVC plastic sheet, must be treated before laying floor Gravity Ping. Dirt corridors and other areas using floor tiles. Do waterproof, non-slip, dustproof, anti-foaming, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, easy to clean.

3, doors and windows: clean corridor door is 1000 * 2000mm, and a 600 * 300mm viewing window (size reference). Locker room door 700 * 2000mm, good air sealing effect; clean areas all exterior windows with double airtight windows can not use ordinary push-bit windows.

  

Experimental animal room regulations

1, the laboratory personnel to enter the experimental animal rooms must wear clothes, keep quiet, gentle movements switch door may not make much noise, non-smoking, spitting, littering and other dirt.

2, the experimental animal rooms be regularly cleaned and disinfected, ensure keeping the environment clean, and pay attention to the exhaust flow, reasonable light, feeding utensils neatly.

3, after the animals into the animal rooms should be based on the animal species, age and different experimental purposes, cage, cage clearly marked on the animal species, age, number of animal origin, purpose of the experiment, the experiment time and other information, must be marked Experimental responsible person (not allowed unknown cage).

4, laboratory personnel a day early or late as experimental animal room clean up, recording animal room temperature and humidity, water feed, checking the health of the animals. Where appropriate, add water, litter should be replaced every 2-3 days, in order to avoid the spread of disease; if dead animals promptly picked, unnatural death should be promptly reported.

5, the experiment used the waste, litter, animal carcasses, etc. must be cleaned immediately and placed in the specified location, can not be thrown away. Especially after the litter must be removed to replace the animal room, otherwise it will contaminate animal room environment.

6, used mouse / rabbit cage must be cleaned and disinfected in time and place to the specified location, if things can not be cleaned, it must first be cleared litter animal room, otherwise not allowed to be placed in the animal room.

7, laboratory personnel to care for the animals, prohibit violent action. Pay attention to saving water and electricity.

8, laboratory personnel must strictly follow the rules experimental operation, to comply drugs, reagents rules. Not free to play with nothing to do with the experimental instruments, reagents and animals, but the animals are not allowed out of the lab.

9, the experiment should be finished checking the used equipment, material intact, the number of appliances is correct. Experimental managers to promptly report found anomalies.

10. The end of the experiment, the experimenter must fill in a detailed and accurate test records and submit complete and timely test report.
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