Preparations for laboratory construction:
Before we prepare to build a laboratory, we must consider the overall planning of the target laboratory, including the nature, purpose, task, basis and scale of the laboratory, and determine the function of the laboratory and the selection of instruments and equipment. The selection of instruments directly affects the layout of laboratories. So sloppy.
Key factors affecting the success or failure of laboratory planning:
The main contents involved in the planning and design of the laboratory are layout, water source, circuit, gas path and ventilation.
1. Plane layout
Determine the overall layout of the laboratory, clear the layout of the laboratory. The laboratory requires effective isolation from the office area, clear division of functional areas, non-interference between the experiments, and smooth evacuation channels.
2. Water sources
Laboratory water supply follows the principle of convenient access, and flumes are set up where necessary. Especially, beside some instruments which need external water sources, there must be a water tank to facilitate water intake.
3. Circuit
Circuit design should take into account the size of the overall power, three-phase electrical requirements, stability requirements of special instruments. In order to facilitate operation and meet the requirements of safety management, laboratories generally require to set up independent control switches.
A correct and good grounding system is essential for the normal, reliable and safe operation of analytical laboratory instruments.
4. Airway
There are two modes of gas supply: centralized gas supply and single gas supply. Gas pipelines should be laid out along the wall for installation and maintenance.
5. Ventilation system
Ventilation is an indispensable part of laboratory design. In order to reduce the injury of the experimenters, the laboratory must be ventilated.
There are two ventilation modes in the laboratory, i. e. local exhaust and whole room ventilation. Local ventilation is a kind of near discharge after the production of harmful substances, which can remove a large number of harmful substances with less air volume, and is widely used in modern laboratories. For some experiments, when local exhaust is not available, or local exhaust can not meet the requirements, the whole room ventilation should be used. The focus of the ventilation system is the determination of the position of the air inlet and outlet and the pre-embedding of the air outlet.
Determine the specifications and selection of laboratory equipment: The configuration of laboratory equipment mainly includes the layout mode, structure size, mesa selection, ventilator selection, experimental cabinet selection, safety facilities and so on.
Layout pattern: The emphases of the layout of the experimental platform are security and convenience. There are several commonly used patterns as follows:
(1) Island type. It is the most common pattern. Usually used in large space, rectangular indoor form. The characteristic of this model is that people flow smoothly.
(2) Peninsular type. This is also a typical application mode, which is suitable for narrow rooms.
(3) L-type. L type is suitable for narrower room form.
(4) The layout of U-type and I-type (i.e. side test-bed) is also more commonly used.
Structure size:
The structure of laboratory equipment can be divided into wood structure, Steel-wood structure and all-steel structure. The laboratory can choose different types of test-bed according to the specific situation. The size of laboratory equipment is directly related to the degree of convenience and comfort. The height of sitting worktable is usually between 750 and 850 mml, if male experimenters account for a higher proportion, 900mm can also be considered; the height of standing worktable is between 850 and 920 mm, and the height of high temperature chamber is between 450 and 600 mm; the length of worktable should normally consider 1200 mm per person (minimum should not be less than 1000 mm), and the principle of organic chemistry test-bed. It should be considered that the length is longer, 1400-1600 mm; the height of reagent rack is 1200-1650 mm, and the height of high cabinet is 1800-2000 mm; the depth of worktable is 750 mm, and that of high temperature chamber is 850-900 mm.
Laboratory desktop: At present, there are several kinds of desktop materials which are widely used:
(1) Epoxy resin: mainly reinforced epoxy resin composition, internal and external materials are the same, damage can be repaired and reduced, acid and alkali, impact resistance, high temperature (about 800 C), relatively high cost.
(2) Corrosion Resistant Psychological Plate: It is made of high-quality multi-ply paper jacket, soaked in special phenolic liquid and formed by high-pressure thermosetting effect, and treated with special surface corrosion resistance. With acid and alkali resistance, impact resistance, heat resistance, economic and durable.
(3) Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand
(4) Corrosion-resistant physical and chemical veneer: It is made of kraft paper, white paper and special surface paper impregnated with phenolic resin and treated by high temperature and high pressure. It has acid and alkali resistance, impact resistance and heat resistance, but it must be used with the base material.
Laboratory Fume Cubicle: Fume Cubicle is one of the most commonly used local ventilation equipment in the laboratory. There are many kinds. Because of its different structure and different conditions of use, its ventilation effect is also different. The performance of the ventilator ring depends mainly on the speed of air movement through the ventilator.
Experimental cabinet: The experimental cabinet includes medicine cabinet, medicine cabinet, dangerous goods, glassware drying and storage cabinet, clean cabinet and biological safety cabinet.
(1) Sample cabinet
Sample cabinets for various types of experimental samples should be separated and labeled so as to facilitate the storage and search of samples. Because some samples need to be stored in a dryer according to the physical and chemical stability of the samples, the size of the compartments should be large or small so as to facilitate the storage of different samples.
(2) Drug cabinet
Solid chemical reagents and standard solutions must be classified and placed together. Chemical reagents should be placed in different categories for easy searching. At the same time, in order to be safe, the medicine cabinet should be equipped with glass.