Laboratory department is a clinical diagnostic department that receives blood and body fluid samples from patients, carries out test analysis and sends test reports to clinicians. A scientifically designed laboratory can provide a safe and efficient working environment for laboratory personnel.
Plane layout
1. The laboratory department should be located in the outpatient building, in a self-contained area. The area of the laboratory department in the third-class A hospital should be no less than 1200_and that in the second-class hospital should be no less than 800_. If the laboratory department also undertakes more scientific research and teaching tasks, the area should be increased appropriately.
2. The plane layout of laboratory department should clearly distinguish clean area, semi-polluted area and polluted area. There should be partition between different areas. Clean area mainly consists of dressing room and office. Semi-polluted area mainly consists of assistant function rooms such as reagent bank and water-making room, and polluted area mainly consists of blood collection room and testing laboratory.
3. Laboratory departments should separate the flow of persons, personnel and articles should have independent entrances and exits, especially the special exit of dirt, and be sent to the centralized medical waste storage point through the hospital's staircase, not to take the hospital's passenger staircase.
4. In order to ensure the safety of testing work, biosafety laboratory should meet the requirements of BSL-2 laboratory, non-manual hand washing device and emergency eye washing device should be installed at the exit of biosafety laboratory, and some high pollution risk work should be carried out in secondary biosafety cabinet.
(1) HIV screening laboratory: divided into clean area, semi-polluted area and polluted area, the area should not be less than 45.
(2) PCR laboratory: it is divided into reagent preparation room, sample preparation room and amplification analysis room. There should be buffer room before each laboratory. The total area of PCR should not be less than 60_.
(3) Microbiology laboratory: divided into preparation room, buffer room and working area, the area should not be less than 35_.
(4) Blood collection area should be separated into a single area. The length of blood collection window should not be less than 1.2m, and the width should be 45-60cm. The number of blood collection windows should be determined by referring to the average daily number of outpatient clinics, and the future development needs should be taken into account.
(5) In the design of biochemical zones, attention should be paid to biochemical machines. The renewal speed of biochemical machines is very fast. Before the design, it should contact the equipment manufacturer to determine the location, specifications, weight, power, water consumption and other parameters of the equipment.
Clean Decoration Requirements
1. Wallboard and ceiling materials are required to be easy to clean and disinfect, resistant to scrubbing, dustproof, non-cracking, smooth and waterproof. The commonly used materials are double-sided sandwich color steel plate, and the fire-proof grade is no less than the flame-retardant grade B1.
2. Ground materials require seamless, slip-proof and corrosion-resistant floors. The common decorative materials are PVC or rubber floors. The joints to be paved need to be welded and planed with the same color welding rod.
3. Laboratory requirements for doors: should be able to automatically close, doors should be equipped with observation windows, door locks and shutters, doors can be equipped with working status indicator lights, indicating whether the laboratory is working.
4. Laboratory requirements for windows: it is not appropriate to install open windows on walls and closed observation windows.
5. Arc treatment should be applied at the junction of wall and wall, wall and ground, wall and ceiling. Sealant treatment should be applied at the junction of color steel plate to ensure the air tightness of the laboratory.
6. The ceiling height of the laboratory should be 2.6m. No manholes or equipment maintenance holes can be opened on the ceiling of the main laboratory.

7. New materials emerging in the decoration of clean laboratories in recent years:
(1) Double-layer tempered glass window with adjustable louvers: double-layer 8mm thick tempered glass, built-in adjustable louvers, can increase the lighting and visual effect of the hall, built-in louvers pollution-free without cleaning.
(2) Fast assembling metal wallboard: It is mainly used for light partition wall with baking varnish on both sides and filled with inorganic magnesium. Compared with coloured steel sheet, it has the advantages of high fireproof grade, rich colour and good wall texture.
(3) Antibacterial wallboard: It is mainly used for interior wall decoration. It is coated with high-performance fluorocarbon paint and ceramic inorganic paint on the surface of gypsum board and metal plate. The surface is compact and dustproof. It is resistant to scrubbing, acid-alkali corrosion and has certain bacteriostasis. It can be used for wall decoration of clean room.
Ventilation and air conditioning engineering
1. Cleaning laboratories should avoid sharing one air-conditioning unit in multiple laboratories. Separate air-conditioning units can effectively avoid cross-contamination and save operating costs.
2. The design parameters of laboratory air conditioning should refer to the relevant requirements of the Technical Specification for Biosafety Laboratory Building, and the thermal and wet loads of biological safety cabinet, centrifuge, incubator and other equipment should also be taken into account in the design.
3. The air purification system should be equipped with coarse, medium and high three-stage air filtration, the coarse filter should be located at the fresh air outlet, the medium-effect filter should be in the positive pressure section of the air conditioning unit, and the high-efficiency filter should be equipped with the air supply terminal of the system.
4. The height of the fresh air outlet from the ground is not less than 2.5m. The fresh air outlet should be protected against rain and rodents and insects, and should be equipped with a filter which is easy to remove and clean.
5. Exhaust fans in laboratories should be interlinked with supply fans. Exhaust fans should be opened before supply fans and closed after supply fans. Indoor exhaust ducts and exhaust ducts of biological safety cabinets should be set separately.
6. The air supply and exhaust in purifying room should adopt the way of up-feed and down-drain. The layout of indoor air supply and exhaust outlets should minimize the stagnation of indoor air flow.
7. Pressure difference of not less than 5 Pa should be maintained between different sections of the laboratory to ensure that air flow flows from the clean area to the polluted area. Pressure difference meters should be set at easy-to-observe locations.
8. Filters and air conditioning units should not use wood materials, should be resistant to disinfectant corrosion, non-absorbent materials, air leakage rate of air conditioning units should be less than 2%.
9. Comfort air conditioning mainly uses fan coil unit plus fresh air system. In winter and summer, hospitals use centralized cold and heat sources. If there are no cold and heat sources in spring and autumn, they can provide cold and heat sources by self-provided air-cooled modular units.
Electrical engineering
Laboratories in laboratories of laboratories of laboratories should supply electricity according to the first-level load, and should set up uninterrupted power supply to ensure that the power supply of main equipment is not less than 30 minutes.
1. Lighting system
(1) Laboratory illumination (> 300lx buffer room, preparation room (> 200lx office area) illumination (> 200lx blood collection desk surface illumination (> 500lx).
(2) Closed lamps should be used in the purification area, and ordinary lamps can be selected in the general experimental area according to the ceiling material.
(3) The laboratory should be equipped with ultraviolet sterilization lamp, which can be equipped with a ultraviolet lamp (30W) at 10-15_.
(4) The number and location of evacuation lights, emergency lights and exit lights shall be designed in accordance with relevant fire control codes.

2. Power Distribution System
(1) There should be enough sockets in the electrical design, and the power consumption of the main equipment in the laboratory should be known in advance. Special distribution boxes should be set up in the biosafety laboratory.
(2) Communicate with the person in charge of the laboratory before designing the uninterruptible power supply, determine the equipment and the shortest power supply time needed for the uninterruptible power supply, and the position of the uninterruptible power supply should be well ventilated.
3. Weak current system
(1) Telephone network terminals: sufficient number of telephone network terminals should be set up in the laboratory to meet the requirements of laboratory information management.
(2) Access control system: It can restrict the access of unauthorized personnel and ensure the safety of laboratories.
(3) Monitoring system: It can monitor the access of laboratory personnel, daily work, video teaching and so on.
(4) Call system: Emergency call extension should be set up in the laboratory, and call host should be set in the duty room.
Water Supply and Drainage and Gas Supply Engineering
1. Hand-washing devices should be installed at the outlet of water supply system laboratory. Hand-washing devices should use non-manual faucets. Biosafety laboratories recommend automatic hand disinfection devices. Water supply materials meet the relevant requirements of the state.
2. Ground leakage should not be set up in the clean laboratory of drainage system. Lab drainage should be separated from living area drainage, and laboratory drainage should be ensured to enter hospital sewage treatment station.
3. The main equipment of pure water system laboratory is biochemical instrument. Before the design of pure water system in laboratory, the person in charge of the laboratory should communicate the water point of pure water and the water consumption of each water point.
Laboratory Furniture
1. Laboratory furniture can be divided into three categories: all-steel furniture, Steel-wood furniture and all-wood furniture according to the material used. All-steel furniture has beautiful appearance but high price, moderate body, and few people choose all-wood furniture because of its drawbacks in load-bearing and waterproofing. All.
2. The material of the test table is mainly made of solid-core physical and chemical board, epoxy resin board and Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thousand-Thou
3. The length and style of the test-bed should be determined according to the actual situation on site and the needs of the work before it is made. Too much furniture will occupy the working space, and the insufficient quantity of furniture will affect the work.
New Technology Applied in Laboratory Construction
1. The pneumatic pipeline transmission system is a special transmission pipeline which connects all departments of the hospital closely and forms a closed pipeline network. Under the control and supervision of the central control center, the pneumatic transmission bottle with the transmission material is driven by the air to and from any station. The system can transmit samples, drugs and their products. The automatic transmission of his portable articles. The system can improve the work efficiency of the hospital, save the working time and labor intensity of the medical staff, make the hospital logistics more orderly, and effectively avoid the cross-infection caused by the flow and contact of personnel, and change the small-scale goods flow from traditional manual transmission to automatic intelligent transmission.
2. The multi-functional column in the experiment is to lead the strong electricity, weak electricity, gas source and water source from the ceiling to the working face through the multi-functional column. A standard port is set on the multi-functional column for use in the experiment. The column is divided into several zones. The strong electricity, weak electricity, water and gas are separated in a separate zone to avoid contact with each other.
Preparations for the Construction Party
1. Understand the existing laboratory testing projects and the testing projects to be carried out in the past three years. Understand the daily outpatient service and hospital beds to determine the functional space and area of the testing laboratory.
2. Make a list of the main testing equipment in the laboratory. The list should include the name of the equipment, quantity, power, water consumption, gas consumption and other information, and provide reference for designers.
3. The designer should be provided with a building plan, and consult with the engineer to determine the entrance and exit of the inspection staff, the entrance of clean goods and the exit of dirt. These people's logistics routes should not conflict with the whole building's logistics routes.
4. After confirming the preliminary design plan, designers should be assisted to communicate with experts in the industry for optimizing the design plan.