Introducer
ICU is Intensive Care Unit (ICU), which provides isolation places and equipment for patients with severe illness or coma, provides good care, targeted monitoring supply, and is also known as intensive care unit. With the development of medical and nursing specialty, the birth of new medical equipment and the improvement of hospital management system, it is a form of medical organization and management which integrates modern medical and nursing technology.
As an important department of a hospital, ICU must operate in accordance with strict design and construction standards, regardless of its geographical location, overall layout or interior decoration. For the design and decoration standards of ICU wards, see below for details:
(1) The ICU should have a special geographical location, be located in an area convenient for patients'transportation, examination and treatment, and consider the following factors: close to the main target areas, operating rooms, imaging disciplines, laboratories and databases. When it is not possible to achieve "close" horizontally, the vertical "close" upstairs and downstairs should be considered. "
(2) ICU open beds occupy an area of not less than 15M2 per bed; each ICU is equipped with at least one ward with an area of not less than 18M2. The establishment of positive and negative pressure isolation wards in each ICU can be determined according to the source of patients'specialty and the requirements of the health administration department, usually equipped with 1 to 2 negative pressure isolation wards. Encourage the design of single or separate wards under sufficient human resources.
(3) The basic auxiliary rooms of ICU include doctor's office, director's office, staff lounge, central workstation, treatment room, dispensing room, instrument room, dressing room, cleaning room, waste disposal room, duty room, toilet, etc. Conditional ICU can be equipped with other auxiliary rooms, including display room, family reception room, laboratory, nutrition preparation room, etc. The ratio of auxiliary room area to ward area should be more than 1.5:1.
(4) The overall layout of ICU should make the medical area where beds are placed, the medical auxiliary room area, the sewage disposal area and the living auxiliary room area of medical staff relatively independent so as to reduce mutual interference and facilitate the control of infection.
(5) ICU should have good ventilation and lighting conditions. If conditions permit, it is better to assemble air purification system with air flow direction from top to bottom, which can independently control indoor temperature and humidity. The temperature in the medical area should be maintained at (24 +1.5)degrees Celsius. Each single room air conditioning system should be controlled independently. Install sufficient inductive hand washing facilities and hand disinfection devices, one set per bed in a single room and at least one set per 2 beds in an open hospital bed.
(6) ICU should have reasonable medical flow, including personnel flow and logistics flow. It is best to achieve through different access channels, in order to minimize various interference and cross-infection.
(7) The general principles of building decoration of ICU wards must be adhered to, such as no dust production, no dust accumulation, corrosion resistance, moisture-proof and mildew-proof, anti-static, easy cleaning and meeting the requirements of fire prevention.
(8) The design requirements of ICU should provide convenient observation conditions for medical staff and access to patients as soon as possible when necessary.
(9) Except for the patient's call signals and the alarm sounds of the monitoring instruments, the sounds of telephone rings, printers and other instruments belong to the noise of ICU. Without affecting normal work, these sounds should be minimized as far as possible. According to the recommendations of the International Noise Association, ICU should not exceed 45 decibels (A) during the day, 40 decibels (A) in the evening and 20 decibels (A) at night. Ground coverings, walls and ceilings should be made of highly sound-absorbing building materials.
(10) ICU should establish perfect communication system, network and clinical information management system and broadcasting system.
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