With the rapid development of laboratory medicine, laboratory medicine plays a more and more important role in the field of medicine. Especially, the application of a large number of sophisticated equipment makes laboratory medicine develop rapidly. Through the rapid development in recent years, laboratory medicine has also formed a complete quality management system (ISO-15189). In order to ensure the quality of laboratory, both experts and scholars and management organizations have made continuous efforts in equipment, talents, reagents, methods and quality management system. For this reason, the space design, functional interface design and ventilation isolation design of the laboratory in hospital design are more demanding than other areas.
First, the safety of laboratories is the first priority.
For laboratory biosafety, WHO, Ministry of Health and State Council have formulated Laboratory Biosafety Manual, Guidelines for Biosafety Approval of Microbial and Biomedical Laboratories, Management Measures of Clinical Laboratories in Medical Institutions and Regulations on Biosafety Management of Pathogenic Microorganism Laboratories respectively. 》 And other industry standards and regulations. This fully demonstrates that biological safety is more important than inspection quality. In addition to a large number of electrical equipment, flammable and explosive, highly toxic and dangerous goods, the laboratory also receives various specimens with potential infectious risks every day, which requires the laboratory to put safety first. In order to ensure safety, it is necessary to design the assembly layout strictly according to relevant industry standards and laws and regulations, especially whether the distribution of workflow and working area is reasonable or not will directly affect the safety of the laboratory. The layout of safety passage, fire protection facilities, water and electricity network management, rodent and mosquito control, biological safety cabinet, ventilation outlet, air outlet, water supply and drainage, automatic induction equipment and disinfection sensing equipment should be demonstrated in detail to ensure eligibility.
II. Reasonable Planning and Layout
Planning layout reflects the basic concepts and values of design. It is necessary to fully consider both current and future development needs. Although each laboratory has different grades and scales, the contribution ability of a department is equal to technical ability plus communication and communication ability.
1. Window Design
The window is the most place for direct communication between the laboratory and the outside world. According to the principle of barrier-free communication, it is better to design the tangible window as an invisible window. In the layout, we should take full account of the convenience of sampling, inspection, flow of people, logistics, waiting, reporting, consultation and complaint. The unreasonable window is often the cause of the most complaints from patients.
2. Internal Space Design
Whether the internal space design is reasonable will directly affect the work flow, work efficiency and internal communication.
Its design principle is: merging, communicating, minimizing unreasonable man-made obstacles, designing the environment as a generous, beautiful, comfortable, safe and efficient place, breaking the bad habits of previous professional groups, Chu River, Han Dynasty and even sweeping the snow before their doors, and ensuring the staff ditch. Fully communicate, reduce tedious work flow, ensure seamless transfer of power and responsibility chain, fully reflect the team spirit of departments, increase mutual exchange and help each other, improve cohesion, as department managers through barrier-free design can also fully understand the dynamic and real-time work of the department, and timely deal with work contradictions. The communication between department directors and staff has become very frequent, and the management of department has changed from rigid system management to comprehensive management of system, culture and art.
3. Matching of several important systems: power system, water supply and drainage system, lighting, ventilation, cooling and heating system, disinfection and sensory control system. Whether the layout of network management facilities in these systems is reasonable will directly affect the safety of laboratories, and even the accuracy of the test results.
1. Power system: It should be divided into lighting, power and equipment. When some equipment with motor starting is integrated into power network, it must not be mistaken for equipment, but should be integrated into equipment power network. Such as centrifuge, refrigerator, washer, exhaust fan, biosafety cabinet, air compressor, air conditioning, etc. Because the starting and running of these equipments will produce different levels of interference current, which will affect the results of testing instruments. Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and city power double circuit design should be adopted in equipment power network to ensure that instrument operation is not affected by power outage or UPS failure. Electrical engineers should scientifically calculate the load and the matching network management, wires, switches and sockets in power system design, otherwise there will be serious potential safety hazards.
2. Water supply and drainage system. In addition to strictly abiding by the requirements of disinfection and sensory control, this system should fully consider the needs of water for current and future equipment. Biochemical analyzer, enzyme-free analyzer, washer, chemiluminescence analyzer and blood cell counter should not only consider water use, but also sewage and drainage in instrument work, because the water supply and drainage system of laboratory department should be considered. Unification must be incorporated into the hospital water supply and drainage system in order to meet the requirements of sewage disinfection.
3. The heating and cooling system of lighting and ventilation. Use sunlight natural wind as far as possible, have enough fresh air inflow, ensure the fresh air circulation in the working environment, know that the ventilation of the environment is the best way to prevent infection; air conditioning system should be reasonably calculated and matched to ensure that the working environment temperature meets the requirements of equipment, and must not simply follow the room empty provided by the air conditioning manufacturer. The matching logarithmic table of air-conditioning power must calculate a large amount of heat generated by the equipment. In principle, the air-conditioning of the equipment room should be increased by half to one rate to meet the working environment temperature requirements. Some high-end equipment with high environmental temperature requirements should install dual-purpose air-conditioning, or install air-conditioning and electric heater.
4. Disinfection Sensory Control System. The equipment, system and monitoring of disinfection and sensory control are the basis of ensuring the biological safety of laboratories. The equipment should be strictly in accordance with laws, regulations and industry standards. Smooth, clean and corrosion-resistant materials should be used in building design, and there is no dead corner in environmental hygiene. The combination of automatic induction facilities, air disinfection, environmental disinfection, dynamic disinfection and static disinfection is the best way to use dynamic disinfection in air disinfection, which embodies the humanistic concern of "people-oriented" and ensures the safety and effectiveness of disinfection in the working environment.
The architectural design of the Laboratory Department covers a wide range of fields and is highly professional. It is necessary to design the Laboratory Department as follows: reasonable planning, scientific layout, safety, comfort, generosity and beauty, giving patients a kind of trust, and giving staff a home and pride. It is difficult to complete this by the Laboratory Department alone, and it must start from the decision-making of the hospital leadership and turn from the ideological understanding. Change, mobilize the general affairs department, equipment department, sensory control department and other departments to participate in, based on laws and regulations, quality management system (ISO-15189) and industry standards, can set rules, can not set standards. This barrier-free design fully reflects the "patient-centered" humanistic care, and the harmony between people and the environment. It makes the environment safe and comfortable, communication unimpeded, and gives people a happy mood. Through reasonable design, not only patients'complaints have been greatly reduced, but also the quality of inspection has been significantly improved. Interaction and mutual assistance among staff in the Department have increased, cohesion has increased unprecedentedly, and work efficiency has been greatly improved. The improvement of working environment promotes the harmonious relationship between doctors and patients, and finally improves the quality of medical treatment. Hospitals also fully enjoy that communication and communication are productivity, and the environment is production.
IV. Design of Work Unit Space
1. The laboratory needs rooms: pure water room, cleaning room, Ups power room, conference room, study room, director's office, man's room, woman's room, dressing room, specimen freezing room, reagent freezing room, reagent General storeroom, microbial specimen processing room, microbial culture room, microbial instrument room, microbial report room, etc. There are more than 21 units in front desk sample receiving room (at least one), venous blood collection room (at least one), emergency treatment area, toilet and central inspection area. The above can be personalized designed and adjusted according to the particularity of the hospital.
2. The transfusion department needs rooms: pure water room, cleaning room, Ups power room, conference room, study room, director's office, male duty room, female duty room, dressing room, specimen freezing storehouse, reagent freezing storehouse, reagent General storehouse, HIV specimen processing, HIV reagent preparation, HIV report room, PCR specimen processing, PCR reagent preparation room, P CR product amplification and analysis room, receipt of front-end samples (at least one), venous blood collection (at least one), immune treatment area, toilet, blood matching room, haemoglobin, blood storage room, blood collection room and exchange room have more than 27 units. The above can be personalized design and adjustment according to the particularity of the hospital.
Whether the design of the internal and external windows in the laboratory department is reasonable is directly related to the patient's experience of seeing a doctor and the staff's work efficiency. At the same time, if the design is reasonable, it not only saves the patient's time of seeing a doctor and improves the doctor's work efficiency, but also deepens the patient's favor to the hospital and saves the operation cost, and the number of patients. To a certain extent, it will not cause congestion, delays in reporting, or complaints.
Shandong Aide Purification Engineering Co., Ltd. has strong technical strength and construction
