With the rapid development of medicine, electronics, food and other industries, the requirements for factory buildings, production processes and production environment in these industries are getting higher and higher. As a precondition to solve the problem of sterile and dust-free production of medicine, food and high precision instruments, clean workshop emerges as the times require, and its fire protection design can not be ignored. So, what are the specific requirements for the fire protection design of clean rooms? Ed Purification takes you to know more about it.
I. Building Characteristics and Fire Hazard of Clean Workshop
Because of the particularity of its use requirements, clean workshop is different from ordinary buildings in building structure, plane layout, function division, HVAC and other aspects.
1. Building structure of workshop
Clean workshop has temperature requirement in use. In addition to equipping temperature control equipment, some thermal insulation measures are considered in the design and construction of the workshop. But for the sake of interests, nowadays, the walls of factory buildings are often made of colored steel sheets, which are made of foam or porous plastic with insulation and insulation. On the one hand, it increases the fire load of the workshop, which greatly reduces the fire resistance limit of the wall. On the other hand, it also introduces the high molecular materials which release smoke and toxic gases when burning into the closed clean workshop, which poses a great threat to the evacuation of personnel.
2. Evacuation
Clean workshop requires good closeness and isolation from the outside world as far as possible in order to achieve the requirements of cleanliness in the workshop, so corresponding isolation measures are taken in any place connected with the outside world. First of all, the entrance of the factory building, through the dressing room, sterilization room, preparation room, etc. to enter the workshop, and the workshops are separated from each other, there are doors in the door. The design of multi-door access and middle door prolongs the evacuation time. Secondly, in order to reduce the impact of dust and air temperature on the factory building, the external walls of the factory building generally have fewer windows and doors, so evacuation is more difficult. Thirdly, most of the pharmaceutical, electronic and food cleaning workshops belong to labor-intensive workshops, especially packaging workshops and assembly workshops. Most of them are small workshops with many personnel, which are very easy to cause mass casualties and injuries.
3. Equipment Layout
The use function of workshop is generally divided into production process or production process flow operation requirements. In medicine, chemical industry, electronics and other industries, the immutability of this functional division is particularly prominent, which will directly affect the safety of buildings and personnel in some dangerous processes or equipment. Especially some intermediate products produced in the use of raw materials or production process are inflammable and explosive, which can not be prevented from the construction or layout of the building, making the fire risk level of the plant greatly increased.
2. Fire protection design of clean workshop
1. Design the layout of the workshop
Before the construction of the workshop, the design unit, construction unit, user unit, equipment installation or supply unit should demonstrate the interior layout of the workshop in advance. Firstly, it should be considered that the inflammable and explosive technology or equipment should be arranged as far as possible outside or adjacent to the workshop. If it is difficult or necessary for the process to be arranged in the workshop, it should be set up by the external wall and separated from the other functional areas of the workshop by the solid wall in order to take fire and explosion-proof measures. Secondly, the assembly workshop, packaging workshop and other personnel-intensive parts are close to the external wall, and ensure that there is a long side of the external wall of the factory building, on the one hand, it is convenient to open an emergency evacuation exit, on the other hand, it is conducive to smoke exhaust and rescue in the event of accidents.
2. Building Components and Interior Decoration
The building should adopt brick-concrete structure as far as possible. For example, when using steel structure, the fire resistance limit of each component of the factory building should meet the requirements of secondary fire resistance grade. As far as possible, non-flammable or non-flammable materials should be chosen as the insulation materials of factory buildings, and foam plastics, rubber or other porous organic macromolecule materials should be avoided as far as possible. For the interior decoration of the workshop, because of its structural closeness, evacuation and smoke exhaust disadvantage, it is similar to the underground civil building fire risk level, so the decoration requirements of each part of the workshop should be implemented according to the requirements of underground civil building in the Code for Fire Prevention of Internal Decoration Design of Buildings.
3. Evacuation design in workshop
The evacuation passage inside the factory building should be simple and avoid the layout method of labyrinth type and middle door. For the entrance and exit design of the factory building, the entrance and exit routes should be as straight as possible. If special technology needs, entrances and exits can not meet the evacuation of personnel, the evacuation passage should be partially against the external wall, and the closed tempered glass door should be used as the emergency evacuation exit at the partial against the external wall, and the safety exit lamp and rubber hammer for breaking glass should be installed at the fixed glass door. The light evacuation indication sign should be selected for the evacuation indication sign on the passageway, and the location should be determined according to the special ventilation and smoke exhaust form of the clean workshop. Generally speaking, the ventilation and smoke exhaust of clean workshops are mostly in the form of up-feed and down-return, so the upper and lower interpolation settings should be considered in the settings.
4. Ventilation and smoke exhaust design
For the use of inflammable and explosive chemical dangerous goods or intermediate products with inflammable and explosive gases and toxic gases in some sections of the plant, the accident exhaust system should be set up separately in this area, and can be switched with the air supply system. In factories with central air-conditioning systems or air supply and return systems, emergency shut-off buttons should be installed in evacuation aisles, duty rooms and frequently occupied workshops to cut off their air supply and return so as to prevent the fire from spreading rapidly. Smoke exhaust system should be set up in evacuation corridors, crowded workshops and important control rooms to facilitate evacuation and emergency rescue.
5. Design of Automatic Fire Fighting Facilities
Clean workshop to prevent dust from flying away