The project of hospital clean operation Department is a relatively complex system engineering, which involves many kinds of specialties and interacts and restricts each other. Its complexity is the most prominent one in the construction of hospital surgical building.
With the promulgation of Building Standards for Hospital Clean Surgery Department and Building Technical Standards for Hospital Clean Surgery Department, the construction of Clean Surgery Department has entered a climax period. Combining with the current national building norms, clean technology norms and modern medical technology, the construction of a clean surgery department with modern level is of great importance to each of them. It is a great challenge for hospital construction managers to participate in it. How to select suitable objects in various design schemes, in the selection of many materials and in the construction units of many purification projects has hurt the minds of many hospital construction managers. In order to help hospital construction managers grasp the key points of clean operation Department Construction in practical work, combined with practical experience, the following points are summarized for your reference.
I. The Role of Clean Operating Department
This is a problem that every hospital construction manager must first understand. Clean operating department is the product of the organic combination of clean technology and medical technology. It has made a great change to the original operating environment. It is by no means a decoration. Its function is mainly embodied in the following three aspects.
1. Controlling air infection during operation and improving the success rate of operation;
2. Improving the physician-patient environment;

3. Improve the efficiency of the operating room.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLEAN OPERATION DEPARTMENT
1. It is the core project of the hospital surgical building. The whole surgical building revolves around the operating department.
2. It is the image project of the hospital.
Many valuable medical equipments are mostly concentrated in the operation department, and the medical technology level of the whole hospital is also fully reflected in the operation level. Therefore, the hospital operation Department is absolutely the window for the hospital to show its strength to the outside world. As the infrastructure supporting of the operation department, it must be adapted to this point.
3. It is a semi-permanent infrastructure project, requiring high reliability.
The so-called infrastructure project, as the name suggests, is a project that will not change frequently under normal circumstances. As the construction of the operation department, this is more important. Once the operation Department is put into use, it should stop and transform again. The loss caused by the operation Department is not only the cost of the transformation, but also the indirect loss caused by the outage, which is incalculable. Quantitative.
Combining the above three characteristics, we must have a holistic planning, advanced design concept, semi-permanent and high reliability type selection concept in the construction of clean operation department. Only in this way can we build a good work.
3. Planning of Clean Operating Department
Requirements for Outdoor Environment in the Building Environment of Clean Operating Department
1. Keep away from pollution sources
2. It is located on the windward side of the most wind direction in the city. When there are two prevailing wind directions, the opposite side (west) of the minimum wind frequency wind direction (e.g. East wind) should be selected.
3. Reasonable planning and greening of the surrounding environment to minimize dust-prone areas.
4. The surrounding roads should be marked with quiet signs.
5. It is a self-contained area, close to the operation department, and has a short path with the blood bank of radiation, pathology, supply room and laboratory department.
6. It is not appropriate to set it on the first floor or the top floor.
7. The height of the operation layer should be above 4.5 meters.
8. Clean operation department should consider the equipment layer, and the operation layer should be located directly below the equipment layer, and the height of the equipment layer should be more than 2 meters.
Surgical area and number of operating rooms
1. Surgical area
In the total area of hospitals, the proportion of the area of operation Department is almost 4% except for the hospitals under 150 beds, and 4.5% is more relaxed.
2. Determining the Number of Operating Room
The number of operating rooms is not the more the better. Generally, according to the current situation of the existing operating rooms in the hospital, in combination with the development plan of the hospital in the past ten years or so, it is appropriate to adopt the principle of more applicability. Next, we recommend some simple calculation methods for your reference based on the relevant information.
Two operating rooms per 100 beds
One operating room per 25 operating room beds
The Calculating Formula of Kobayashi in Japan
In general, the number of operating rooms = number of beds / 100 * (1.5-1.8)
Number of operating rooms in special operation time = number of beds/100 x(1.9-2.4)
More detailed algorithms:
Number of operating rooms = B365/T*1/W*1/N
In the formula:
B: Total number of beds requiring surgery T: Average length of stay
W: Number of working days in the operating room throughout the year N: Average number of operations per operating room per day
3. Shape and size of operating room
Due to the special layout requirements of clean operating room, all equipment cabinets, drug cabinets, anesthesia cabinets, gas panels, control cabinets and so on require embedded structure embedded into the wall. In addition to the use of modern suspension tower, many equipment have been suspended in the air and no longer occupy the use area of the operating room. His area has been used only. Area, therefore, is totally different from the area of the ordinary operating room, which can not be confused. Therefore, the "Hospital Clean Operating Department Construction Standard" stipulates the recommended area type of the clean operating room for everyone to choose.
(1) Shape: Rectangle close to square
(2) Size:
Determination of Purification Level in Operating Room
In our past work, we feel that many hospital construction managers have misunderstandings on this point. We think that the higher the purifying level of operating room, the better. In fact, this is wrong. Because different from ordinary operating room, the higher the purifying level, the higher its initial investment and future operating cost, and there is a great difference. If not selected according to the applicable principles, it will cause great waste. In Article 3.0.2 of the Technical Code for Building Clean Surgery Department of Hospital, there are such provisions:
The classification of clean operating room should meet the requirements of Table 1, and the classification of clean auxiliary room should meet the requirements of Table 2.
Table 1 Classification of clean operating room
Table 2 Classification of main clean auxiliary rooms
According to the above requirements, combined with the development plan of the hospital in the past ten years, the cleaning level of the clean operating room is better positioned according to the principle of higher application, which not only conforms to the reality, saves costs, but also leaves room for development.
Process design and orientation of purifying operating room
The rationality of the process design of the cleaning operation room plays an important role in controlling infection and improving the efficiency of the operation department. According to the thousands of projects that our company has contacted in recent years, there are two main processes which are widely used at present:
1. Peripheral recovery
Its characteristic is that the sewage streamline is strictly separated from other medical personnel streamline, patient streamline and clean goods streamline, which effectively prevents the pollution of sewage to other people and logistics lines.
The design concept of this process is that the pollution capacity of the whole operation Department is the strongest, so it must be strictly separated from other people and logistics lines, and that the patient flow line is clean. Its advantages are: the streamline of medical staff, patients and clean goods is very short, but the disadvantage is that the streamline of dirt is relatively long.
2. Central Clean Type
It is characterized by pre-operative medical staff and clean goods entering the operating room from the central clean corridor, and other post-operative medical staff streamline, patient streamline, sewage streamline leaving the operating room from the other side of the operating room door.
The design idea of this process is that the preoperative medical staff and clean goods are the cleanest in the whole operation department, and can not be polluted at half point. Therefore, they must be strictly separated from other people and logistics lines, while the intersection between other streamlines is not important, and the patients'streamlines are polluted. Its advantages are: the flow line of medical staff and clean goods is very short before operation, but its disadvantages are: the flow line of medical staff, patients and sewage is relatively long after operation, and the side of clean corridor of operating room must adopt translation door, which is expensive.
Design of Clean Goods Elevator and Dirt Elevator
The position of clean goods elevator and dirt elevator is very important in the graphic design of operating room. They are the starting point and the end point of clean goods streamline, respectively. This directly affects the choice of the process form of operating department, and must be considered comprehensively according to the appreciated streamline.
Selection of Clean Air Conditioning System in Clean Operating Department
The most important function of the clean operation Department project is to control the air infection and reduce the infection rate of the operation department. The key part to realize this function is the clean air conditioning project, which is the core of the clean operation Department project. Other projects are cooperated with it, and its cost accounts for the proportion of the total project cost. It's also higher. How to choose the form of purified air conditioning system according to the "Technical Specification for Building of Clean Operating Department of Hospital" and the economic conditions of its own use is a key point in the project planning.
As stipulated in the Technical Specification for Building Clean Operating Department of Hospital, a set of air-conditioning system must be used in the operating rooms of grade I and grade I, and a set of system should be allowed in the operating rooms of grade I and grade II. The main consideration is:
1. Class I operating rooms require high accuracy of environmental control, while Class I operating rooms are slightly worse.
2. Class I operating rooms are often used in hospitals at the same time, so energy consumption can not be increased.
3. In order to take into account the fact that there are great differences in economic conditions across the country.
There is no doubt that one-tow-one system has large investment and large space for unit placement, but it has high accuracy and reliability for indoor environment control. One-tow-two or one-tow-three system has small investment and small space for unit placement. However, it has low accuracy for room environment control and can not achieve the control of different temperature and humidity requirements for each room, and when there is only one hand. When the operation is in use, other operating room air-conditioning systems with the same system must also operate together, with high energy consumption. Therefore, this choice must be clear in the project planning, otherwise the difference will be great.
Supply Mode of Purified Air Conditioning Cold and Heat Sources in Clean Operating Department
1. Misconception of Air Conditioning Unit
Clean air conditioning unit used in clean engineering is strictly called clean air processor. It is different from the concept of household air conditioning. It usually does not have compressor itself. It uses cold water and hot water provided by the outside as cold and heat source, and then uses the coil in the unit to deal with the temperature and humidity of air. Because the energy consumption of air conditioning unit is very large, the investment of cold and heat source project is also very large, and it has a great relationship with the total capacity of hospital power consumption, so we must pay attention to it.
2. Solution Forms of Cold and Heat Sources
In the construction of hospital buildings, central air-conditioning system has been widely used, and the central air-conditioning system also needs to solve the problem of cold and heat sources. Therefore, the cold and heat sources of operation Department and the building central air-conditioning system together solve the problem of relatively economic.
However, compared with other departments of the hospital, the requirements of the operating department for environmental temperature and humidity are different. The operating department requires constant temperature throughout the year, and the supply of cold and heat sources can not be interrupted. The other departments of the hospital only require comfort in temperature and humidity, and only in summer and winter, they need to supply cold and heat sources. Therefore, they must supply cold and heat sources for the operating department in spring and winter. In autumn, the supply of cold and heat sources should be set up separately. If the cold and heat sources of central air-conditioning system can not be solved, other methods can be adopted.
3. Supply forms of cold and heat sources
The supply of heat and cold sources can be divided into two types: two-tube and four-tube.
The so-called two pipes are cold and heat sources supplied by the same group of pipes, during which the valve is switched. Its advantage is low cost, but its disadvantage is that the temperature and humidity control accuracy is low, the sensitivity is poor, and the premise of using two controls is that the range of temperature fluctuation is not large in a period of time, otherwise it will lead to frequent valve switching.
The so-called four-pipe system means that the cold and heat sources are supplied simultaneously by different pipes. Its advantages are high precision, good sensitivity and high cost.
Determination of Humidification Scheme for Purification Air Conditioning System
The humidity index of clean operating room is RH40%-60%. This index is difficult to achieve without humidification in winter. Therefore, humidifiers are generally required for purified air-conditioning systems. In purified air-conditioning systems, the recommended humidification schemes are as follows:
1. Dry steam humidifier
When the steam provided by the hospital boiler room is used as the steam source for humidification, the corresponding steam pipeline must be laid beside the purification unit, and the investment of the equipment is small.
2. Electrode humidifier
The water source is used as the medium, and the electrode rod is used as the electrode to form a circuit. The water is heated and the water vapor is produced for humidification. This kind of equipment produces relatively pure steam, but requires high water quality, high humidification accuracy and large power consumption. It often needs to replace the humidifying tank, and the equipment investment is medium.
3. Electric humidifier
The electric heat pipe is directly inserted into the water for heating to produce water vapor for humidification. The equipment has low requirement for water medium concentration, relatively pure steam generated, low requirement for water quality, high humidification accuracy, large power consumption and large equipment investment.
Selection of Purification Engineering Materials for Operating Department
The characteristics of the clean operation Department are core engineering, image engineering and semi-permanent infrastructure engineering. Therefore, the material selection of the clean operation Department must proceed from these three points to ensure at least ten years of service life and realize the best cost-effective ratio of materials in combination with functional requirements, because there are thousands of materials used in the clean operation department, which can not be exhausted one by one. Description, can only cite a few typical parts of the principle of material for you to make some introductions.
1. Material for wall and ceiling
Because the clean operating room and the clean corridor (including changing workshop) are the most critical parts of the whole clean operating department, the decorative materials are superior to those of other parts, while meeting the requirements of beauty, rust-proof, anticorrosion, scrubbing resistance, easy cleaning, dust-proof and durable, and the installation structure also conforms to the operation. The characteristics of the room. Among them, the hanging roof surface material has less chance of damage, so it can be one grade lower than the wall material.
2. Wall ceiling materials for clean auxiliary rooms, clean corridors and clean area auxiliary rooms
Because the clean auxiliary room, the clean corridor and the clean area auxiliary room are relatively minor parts of the clean operation room and the clean corridor, and the area is often relatively large, in order to reduce the cost, the wall materials and ceiling materials can be one grade lower than those of the operation room and the clean corridor.
3. Surface materials of operation Department
Because of its functional requirements, the floor materials of the operating room must meet the characteristics of anti-coloring, anti-static, wear-resisting and good sound absorption, so rubber floor materials are the first choice.
The other corridors and auxiliary rooms in the operation Department have more people, so the most prominent requirement of floor materials is wear resistance. In order to reduce the cost, we can choose PVC homogeneous material which is worse than rubber floor material.
4. Purified Air Processing Unit
To distinguish the quality of purified air treatment units, the following points should be considered:
Is it a sanitary unit? Because the detection index of sanitary unit is higher than that of common unit, and its structure conforms to the concept of purification.
The performance of fans must be tested by authoritative organizations and have corresponding labels, so that the performance can be guaranteed.
The lower the air leakage rate, the better the anti-condensation performance (to provide a test report), the better the unit;
Under the same technical conditions, the lower the noise, the better.
The quality of appearance design and manufacturing technology;
5. Laminar Flow Centralized Air Supply Device
Laminar centralized air supply device is located at the end of the air supply system in the operating room, and it is the cleanest part in the whole air purification system. The quality of this part has a great influence on the air cleanliness index of the air purification system. This requires special attention. According to our company's experience, the following two types of air supply devices are first recommended:
Leaky laminar air supply device
Stainless steel centralized air supply device
6. High Efficiency Filter
The performance of high efficiency filters depends on two factors
The filtration efficiency of 0-3 micron dust particles depends on the quality of filter paper materials.
Whether leak detection is done step by step or not, the high efficiency filter is very delicate. A small hole with a big pinhole will make it scrapped. Therefore, it is impossible to guarantee its performance without leak detection step by step.
As long as the above two points are achieved, the domestic products are better than the foreign ones, because the factors of bump damage in transportation are reduced, and the procurement cycle is shorter.
5. The Best Procedure for the Establishment of Purification Operations Department
Purification operation Department is the heart of hospital surgical building, so a good design of purification operation department should be combined with the layout of the building and other related departments to achieve the best design effect and be more conducive to future use, besides the perfect design of operation Department itself. The best process of the design is:
1. Preliminary Construction of Surgical Building
2. Final design and adjustment of clean operation Department
3. Design Adjustment of Surgical Building Construction
4. Final Construction of Surgical Building
But at present, this process has not been adopted in the design of the purification operation Department of most hospitals. This may be the concept of hospital construction managers. In the project contacted by our company, only the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University has done so, which achieves a relatively ideal design effect.
In addition, good design should have good communication, especially with the relevant personnel of the department. This work should be done before and after bidding, but it is not as good as before, and all of this takes time. Therefore, this point must be fully considered in the project planning of the purification operation department.
6. Notices for Bidding of Clean Operating Department Projects
Purification operating room engineering is a complex system engineering, which includes many specialties, such as building decoration, purification air conditioning, air conditioning cold and heat source, air conditioning water system, air conditioning automatic control system, strong electricity, weak electricity, water supply and drainage, fire protection, medical gas and so on. Therefore, it has a very good interface with other construction units of the building. As the basis of project bidding, tender documents are the only valid legal documents of the owner and each bidding unit, and also the basis of the design quotation of each bidding unit. Therefore, the organization of tender documents must strive to be complete, otherwise the resulting scheme and price are very different, and it is difficult to make price analysis. The phenomenon of post-tender skinning is also very serious. Based on our company's experience, we believe that we must pay attention to the following aspects:
1. The interface of various professional designs and quotations must be clear.
2. The specific design requirements of the hospital should be clearly described in detail.
3. Relevant design parameters must be provided accurately.
4. It is best to provide a complete set of drawings for the relevant aspects of the design institute.
5. The bidding units should be given appropriate bidding time. The general Tendering Law stipulates that the minimum time required is 20 days.
Clean laminar flow operating room decoration design, Shandong Ede Purification Engineering Co., Ltd. is a professional manufacturer of laminar flow cleaning operating room, engaged in operating room decoration, operating room design, operating room renovation and other business for many years. The company has a professional operating room design team, covering the operating room decoration construction team. Laminar Flow Purification Operating Room Clean Laminar Flow Operating Room Clean Operating Room Clean Operating Department. Find Ed Purification.