With the deepening of China's reform and opening-up and the continuous development of medical care, people's requirements for medical standards are increasing. According to the actual situation of our country and the special environment of hospitals, building green environmental protection hospitals can effectively protect people's health (especially the health of medical staff). It has been raised to a new height and needs to be paid attention to. For this reason, the relevant departments of the state have issued "green hospital building evaluation standards" and other guidance. Its purpose is: in the life cycle of the building, to save resources to the greatest extent, to plan rationally, to design carefully, to ensure functions and to comply with the process; to protect the environment and reduce pollution to the greatest extent; to provide safe, applicable and efficient use of space, and to live in harmony with nature in hospital buildings. Green hospital building is the result of introducing the concept of sustainable development into the field of hospital building, and will become the dominant trend of hospital building in the future.
The following is about how to coordinate the construction of clean rooms in hospitals with the construction of green hospitals. Based on the experience in design, construction and management, this paper probes into some problems that should be paid attention to in the design, use and management of clean rooms in hospitals from a practical point of view.
I. Design and Energy Conservation of Hospital Clean Room
The use of air cleaning technology as the main safeguard conditions, so that the indoor air dust and bacteria in line with certain standards of hospital room is the hospital clean room.
The technology of air filtration, which is used to block dust particles and bacterial particles of certain size, is combined with the control of airflow organization and indoor pressure gradient with certain air volume or speed, so as to maintain the number of indoor particles at a certain level, i.e. air cleaning technology.
According to the above characteristics, the hospital clean room should be designed according to the standard of clean room and the characteristics of various clean rooms. Pay attention to people, logistics procedures, air distribution (avoid cross infection), temperature and humidity control, etc. Clean room is a system with large area and large energy consumption. Therefore, reasonable selection and configuration can achieve the desired purpose.
1. Choice of Clean Room in Hospital
At present, according to the specific conditions and relevant norms of hospitals in China, and referring to foreign experience, the application of clean rooms has been extended to many departments of hospitals. Such as: clean operation department; special ward (leukemia laminar flow ward, burn ward, asthma ward, etc.); nursing unit (ICU, CCU, NICU, etc.); central supply room (sterile storage area); dispensing center; important laboratory (special laboratory, life science laboratory (such as reproductive center), etc.). Animal room, important biosafety system, precision new instrument room, clean auxiliary room (sterile auxiliary room, disposable goods room, etc.).
In the design stage of new construction and reconstruction, the hospital should fully study and analyze the specific conditions of the hospital and reasonably choose clean rooms. Because the clean rooms need to be equipped with corresponding auxiliary rooms, such as men's and women's changing rooms, bathroom, buffer rooms, clean articles, special passageways for dirt, clean air conditioning rooms and cold and heat source systems, etc. Occupy building area, so in the design stage, we should consider leaving reasonable space and location, avoid the emergence of the latter stage and also according to the layout of the purification room, resulting in insufficient area, imperfect purification process, can not adequately protect the cleanliness of the core area.
2. Air-conditioning system configuration of clean rooms
According to its characteristics, the air conditioning system of hospital clean room is a constant temperature and humidity system (cold-heat confrontation). In order to achieve the corresponding cleanliness, a multi-stage filter is installed, which increases the resistance of the system. Therefore, it is a system with large energy consumption. The energy-saving design of the system is very important and should be paid great attention to (the investment of facilities needs to be increased).
The building evaluation standard of China Green Hospital puts forward that "for clean air conditioning systems such as clean operating department, technical measures are adopted to reduce electric reheat power by 50% compared with primary air return system." Opinions. According to our experience, in order to achieve energy saving and environmental protection, the following methods are adopted for clean air conditioning system.
Cold and heat sources:
1) The operating room, ICU, laminar flow ward and other perennial 24-hour clean rooms should be separated from the building system with separate cold and heat sources.
2) Ground source heat pump system can be used if conditions permit.
Clean air conditioning unit:
1) Selection of reliable and mature medical clean air conditioning units; low noise, structural shock-proof, bridge breakage, condensate reasonable structure can prevent recharge, easy to clean surface coolers and filters.
2) Frequency converter, frequency converter fan configuration.
3) Configuration of reliable automatic control system can realize automatic and manual conversion.
System design:
1) The air duct system should be as short and smooth as possible, reducing elbows and various filters to choose low resistance type to reduce system resistance.