Specification for ICU design in ICU:
I. ICU Overall Plan and Regional Design
A. Pre-planning ICU mode (integrated or multi-unit mode), number of beds (recommended 8-12 beds per unit of multi-unit ICU), visiting system, equipment requirements (nurses'station number, storage room number, equipment number, staff number, management and continuing education needs, etc.).
B. ICU should implement the system of access control. Traveling and free access to ICU are not allowed. Access to supplies and medical personnel must be separated from access.
C. Geographical location should be in good lighting and ventilation.
D. Be as close as possible to elevators, emergency rooms, operating rooms, radiology departments and laboratories.
1. Design of patient area
A. The distribution of wards must enable patients to be placed in the direct visual range of staff at any time and indirect visual (through visual monitors) in special cases to ensure the safety of patients in daily and emergency situations.
The best design of B and Zui is that patients can be directly visualized from the central nurses'station, and patients can be directly visualized from the sub-nurses' station in the multi-unit mode.
C. Sliding glass doors and partitions shall meet the above requirements and facilitate rapid access to the room in case of emergency.
D, patient call signal, alarm signal of monitoring equipment and ringing tone may deteriorate the rest environment in ICU, and may cause complaints in some cases. It should be set within a reasonable range (the International Noise Conference recommends that no more than 45 decibels should be used in emergency treatment areas during the day, 40 decibels in the evening and 20 decibels at night). Noise levels in most hospitals range from 50 to 70 decibels.
E. Sound-absorbing materials should be selected for ground cover, and the needs of infection control, cleaning and maintenance, and equipment movement should be considered. High sound absorption materials and structures should be selected for ceilings and walls. Cabinets, glass doors, non-direct door design are conducive to eliminating sound transmission and refraction, reducing noise levels.
2. Central Station
A. Central Nurse Station should provide comfortable working conditions to meet the needs of all staff. If it is a sub-nurses'station, each nurses' station should provide most of the functions of the central nurses'station.
B. Provide adequate lighting and wall clocks. Sufficient space for computers and printers should be provided for automated office conditions. Doctors and nurses should be provided with adequate work space and seats. Adequate file shelves are provided to store all commonly used medical documents for staff to access at any time.
3. X-ray Reading Area
Areas for reading and storing image data should be provided, with appropriate size reading lamp boxes and bright light sources.
4. Working area and storage room
A. It should be set in the ICU or close to the ICU. It can be equipped with Wardrobe Storage and monitoring equipment.
B. Rescue trucks and defibrillators are placed in fast-moving positions.
C. Set up separate dispensing areas, including refrigerators, lockable cabinets to store controlled drugs, and water tanks with hot and cold water. The area is at least 4.5m2. There are enough countertops to prepare medicines and enough cabinets to store medicines and appliances.

D. If it is a closed room, there should be transparent glass walls that allow patients to be observed during the preparation of medicines and ensure that only those permitted to enter are included.

5. Reception area
A. Reception areas should be set up in each ICU to control the entry of visitors into the ICU. The ideal location is that every visitor entering the ICU must pass through the area before entering the ICU.
B. Reception area should be connected with ICU or internal communication system.
C. Zui good staff entrance and visitor entrance are separated, if necessary, should ensure the security of visitor entrance.
6. Special Operating Room
A. If it is necessary to set up a special operating room, it should be located in or near the ICU.
B. Consideration should be given to the rapid access of patients from both inside and outside the ICU.
C. The area should be sufficient to accommodate the required equipment, including a complete monitoring system, lockers, first aid support equipment, and safety considerations.
D. The working level and storage should be adequate to ensure that all the envisaged operations can be completed without the staff leaving the room.
7. Cleaning Room and Waste Room
A. Cleaning rooms and dirt rooms should be separated and not connected. Good temperature control is required.
B. The sewage room should have an air discharge device. The floor is seamless for cleaning.
C. The cleaning room is used for storing clean and disinfected articles. Storage cabinets and shelves should be high enough from the ground to facilitate cleaning.
D. Waste room should have hot and cold water tank and floor leakage. Place capped containers for different kinds of waste. There are designated containers for articles contaminated by human tissues and body fluids. Provide special containers for needles and other sharp objects.
8. Equipment Storage
A. It is necessary to provide a regional storage area for temporarily unused large-scale equipment. The space should be conducive to access, storage and removal.
B. Provide enough sockets for charging and testing equipment.
9. Nutrition preparation area
A. A nutrition preparation area should be set up with operation plane, refrigerator, microwave oven, hot and cold water tank and ice maker. Refrigerators should not place laboratory reagents.
B. The sink should be indoors.
10. Staff rest area
A. Comfortable and private rest environment should be provided in or near the ICU. There are lockers, shower facilities and toilets. Provide refrigerators, microwave ovens, food storage, adequate seats.
B. Have or internal communication equipment with ICU. There should be emergency alarm lights inside.
11. Conference Room
A. The location should be easy for ICU employees to use.
B. Have or internal communication equipment with ICU. There should be emergency alarm lights inside.
C. The conference room may have many functions, such as internal study, continuing education, multi-disciplinary consultation, etc.
D. Ideal conference rooms should be able to store medical and nursing reference books, computers and electronic teaching equipment.
12. Visiting Rest/Waiting Areas
A. Visit rest or waiting areas should be provided within or near each ICU. The number of seats should be 1-2 times the number of beds.
B. Public and light meals, television and/or music equipment should be provided. Provide public toilets and water dispensers.
C. Warm tones, non-direct sunlight, windows and carpets should be considered in design. Various chairs including couch, straight back chair and reclining chair can be considered.
D. Popular science information, hospital introduction and community support information should be provided. It is recommended that there be a separate family room for discussion to protect privacy.
13. Patient transit pathway
The access from ICU to patients should be separated from other public channels to ensure fast and smooth access.
II. Design of Bed Surrounding
A. For the purpose of supporting all the required therapeutic functions.
B. The ground space of each bed should be able to accommodate all the equipment and personnel that patients may need for treatment. Each bed in large ICU should be at least 20 m2. Separated ICU should have 24 m2 per unit and 4.5 m less width zui, except accessory facilities (bathroom, lobby, storage cabinet). Single ICU has less than 24 M2 Zui per room, including anterior chamber. Zui in each lobby is less than 1.85 m2, providing hand washing, changing clothes and storage. If a toilet is provided, it must be for personal use.
C. Cardiac arrest/emergency alarm buttons must be set at each bedside in ICU. Alarms can be heard in any ICU room, such as the central nurses'station, staff lounge, conference room, etc. The source of the alarm should be identifiable.
D. The design of bedside computer terminal and patient intercom system should be considered.
E. Space should be provided for the storage of personal goods and treatment equipment. If drugs and syringes are stored at bedside, there should be lockers.
F. Every effort should be made to provide patients and employees with as little tension as possible. Therefore, the design of ICU should consider natural lighting and landscape. Set windows in as many rooms as possible to enable patients to distinguish between day and night. Fireproof curtains can absorb sound, beautify the environment and adjust light. The windows should be designed to be durable and easy to clean, and regular cleaning plans should be made.
G. Other facilities that should be provided for patients include clocks, calendars, or bulletin boards, pillow speakers connected to radio/TV sets. Television should be placed beyond the reach of the patient and controlled by the allowed person. If possible, it should be set up in each room.
H. Comfort considerations also include the establishment of privacy protection for patients. Curtains, doors and screens can control the patient's contact with the surrounding environment. There should be folding chairs beside the bed for family visits. The color of the room can also be considered to make the patient quiet and rest color. Pictures can be placed on the walls visible to the patient.

三、功能支持设施

A、每个ICU应有完善的水、电、氧气、压缩空气、负压吸引、照明和环境控制系统，为正常和紧急情况下对患者提供治疗。这些设施必须能满足或超过管理机构的标准。

B、一个多功能柱（自立的、天花板吊装或地面安装的）是zui好的方式，电源、氧气、压缩空气、负压吸引、温度和光线控制都可以在这里得到。多功能柱应可接近患者头部，便于需要时紧急气道管理用。如不能安装多功能柱，应把功能设施安装在接近患者头部的墙壁。

C、功能支持设施的配置应考虑将来升级的可能，设计时及时向管理部门了解医院的升级信息。

1、电源

A、每个ICU的电源应是独立的支线，主电源应有应急后备电源，以备突然断电使用。ICU内每个插座应有各自的断路开关，保证工作人员在紧急情况下能迅速接触。

B、每张床位推荐配置16个插座，床头插座距离地面0.9m。床旁和床尾插座应接近地面，以防电线绊倒。

2、水源

A、每个ICU应有单独的阀门，以备水管破裂时用。

B、水槽大小应使水不飞溅为度，水龙头应有以肘、膝、足或自动控制的开关。位置应在两张病床间，或进入病房处。水槽的设计是院内感染控制的关键内容。

C、如果病房内设卫生间，应有便盆清洗设备，包括冷热水和足控喷头。

3、氧气、压缩空气、负压吸引装置

A、采用中心供氧和压缩空气，氧气和压缩空气标准参照相关规定。

B、每个床位zui少需要2个氧气接口；必需1个压缩空气接口，zui好2个。

C、每个ICU和医院总工程室应有可视的和可听的高、低压报警设备。

D、所有区域必须设置手动阀门并明示位置，以备火灾、泄露、修理时关闭。

E、每个床位zui少3个负压吸引接口，终端负压zui少达290mmHg。当负压低于194mmHg应有可视报警。

4、照明

A、通常的头顶照明和环境光线应能满足日常护理操作，也应为患者创造良好柔和的休息环境。

B、zui好把光线调节装置放在该病室外，以利于夜间尽量少打扰患者。日间全部照明亮度应小于30fc，夜间持续照明小于6.5fc，短时照明小于19fc。

C、紧急时和操作时应用的单独的照明灯应置于天花板上，照明应大于150fc。

D、应设计床头阅读灯，但不能干扰监护设备和床的移动。照明小于30fc。

5、环境控制系统

A、在任何时间都要保持适当和安全的空气质量。

B、zui少需要每房间每小时6次完全的空气交换，包括每小时2次与室外的空气交换。

C、中央空调系统和气体交换系统的空气必须经过适当的过滤。

D、空调和暖气设计的目的是使患者舒适，每个病房的温度是可单独调控的。

四、生理监测功能的设计

A、每个病床应有的监测能力包括显示和分析1个或多个心电导联、zui少2个压力监测、直接或间接动脉血氧监测。这些参数应能以数字和模拟两种形式提供可视波形、数字频率、高/低和平均值。每种监护设备必须有纸上记录功能。

B、报警设置应良好设定，可视可听，且不能立即清除。

C、床旁监护设备应易于接近和观看，且不能干扰接近和观看患者。床旁护士和其他工作人员应能扫视观察患者的监护状况。通过中心监护台或床边监视器应可同时观察所有患者的监护状况。

D、所有监护设备不能代替床边观察患者。

E、监护设备放置处的承重能力，以后可能增加的设备，以及承重结构的持久力都应考虑，相应的空间设计和电力负荷都要考虑。

1、心电监护仪

A、可以1或多导联连续显示心电波形。

B、有完备的报警设定和记忆功能。

C、根据需要配备压力检测功能。

D、呼吸功能参数包括脉搏氧饱和度、ETCO2、呼吸频率等。

E、心输出量和血流动力学监测。

五、计算机化设计

A、计算机化患者资料管理越来越流行，提供无纸化数据管理。床旁终端使工作人员可以在床旁获得尽可能丰富的资料，包括医嘱命令、自动记录监护数值、实验室数据、X线、各种报告等，并可以减少错误发生。

B、应具有数据可移动功能（传送到办公室、其他科室等）

六、语音通讯系统

A、所有ICU应具有内部通讯设备，提供中心护士站与病房、会议室、员工休息室等地点的语音联络。探访等待区域、辅助区域也应包括在该系统。必要时关键部门如血库、药房、实验室也应包括在内。

B、某些通讯可以增加可视方式以减少噪音。

C、除了标准系统，每个ICU应有内部与外部应急通讯方法，以备常规系统失灵（如停电）。

七、实验室

A、所有ICU应有24小时实验室服务。

八、医生待诊室

当住院医生24小时在院时，应提供ICU内或紧邻的待诊室。提供卫生间、浴室，有和/或内部通讯系统连接，心跳骤停和紧急警报也应连接。

九、管理人员办公室

A、通常应设计医生和护士管理人员的办公室。

B、应足够宽敞，能允许小规模会议、会诊，和患者家属谈话。

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