With the continuous development of the domestic medical system reform and the improvement of people's living standards, the medical conditions in hospitals have been constantly improved. The surgical techniques of various medical departments have become more difficult and complex. The requirements for clean operating room are also higher and higher. The relevant departments of the state have also issued new design standards for the operating Department of hospitals, aiming at ensuring the operation with reasonable layout and facilities. The infection rate of patients can shorten the recovery time and reduce the medical expenses.
Purification air conditioning design:
1. Design parameters: a) Outdoor design parameters (Urumqi region, Xinjiang): Winter design parameters: dry bulb temperature: -27 C, relative humidity: 80%; Summer design parameters: dry bulb temperature: 34.1 C, wet bulb temperature: 18.5 C. B) Indoor design parameters: Class I operating room: 22-25 C, relative humidity 40-60%, average wind speed of operating table height cross section: 0.25-0.3m/s; Class II operating room: 22-25 C, relative humidity 40-60%, ventilation frequency 30-36 times/h; Class III operating room: 22-25 C, relative humidity 35-60%, ventilation frequency 18-22 times/h; Class IV operating room: 22-25 C, relative humidity 35-60%, ventilation frequency 12-15 times/h; Clean corridor and phase; Auxiliary room: 21-27 C, relative humidity less than 65%, ventilation times 10-13 times/h.
2. Air conditioning system division: according to the relevant provisions of technical code for building clean operating Department of hospital (GB50333-2002): 1) clean operating room and its auxiliary room shall be equipped with purification air conditioning system; 2) each level I and level II clean operating room shall be equipped with independent purification air conditioning system, and level III and level IV clean operating rooms can share one system with 2-3; 3) each operating room shall be equipped with independent exhaust system. (a) Class I and II clean operating rooms adopt one machine to one room form; b) Class III positive and negative pressure conversion clean operating rooms adopt one machine to one room form; c) Six-storey clean corridors, clean corridors and corresponding auxiliary rooms share one system; d) Five-storey IV sterile delivery room, waiting room, sterile articles share one system; e) Five-storey IV isolation delivery room, buffer, isolation waiting room share one system; Isolated delivery rooms, buffer rooms and isolation waiting rooms adopt fresh air system according to hygienic standards; the remaining operating rooms, sterile delivery rooms and clean auxiliary rooms share a fresh air unit for centralized supply; each operating room has an independent ventilation system.
Air conditioning load calculation:
Air conditioning load includes five parts:
(1) Cold and heat load of enclosure structure;
(2) Personnel cooling load and wet load;
(3) Equipment and lighting cooling load;
(4) Air infiltration cooling and heat load;
_Fresh air cooling and heat load. The calculation of heat consumption of enclosure structure is the same as that of general buildings, and its calculation parameters must meet the energy-saving standards, such as heat transfer coefficient of enclosure structure, type and size of windows, which need to be determined by consultation with the construction profession. The operation Department of Bagang Emergency Center adopts two-way channel arrangement, the middle channel is a clean corridor, and the outer corridor is a dirt corridor. This way is convenient for dirt zoning and evacuation. At the same time, the outer corridor can be used as a buffer zone between the operating room and the outdoor. Thus, the heat consumption of the maintenance structure of the operating room will be reduced by more than 40%, which is a relatively energy-saving method. The number of personnel in Class I clean operating room is 10 per room, Class II and III clean operating room is 8 per room, Class IV clean operating room is 6 per room. When calculating human heat dissipation and moisture dissipation, attention should be paid to the selection of cluster coefficient. Operating room and auxiliary room electrical equipment mainly includes operation shadowless lamp, electrotome, anesthesia machine, monitor electrocardiograph, electroencephalograph and so on. The power of these electrical equipment can be consulted in relevant hospital equipment manuals.
Air distribution and air supply temperature difference:
Good airflow organization is also one of the important measures to ensure the clean effect of clean operating room. The ideal condition of indoor airflow organization should have the following characteristics:
(1) Obvious displacement flow pattern;
(2) The key indoor areas are under effective air flow control;
(3) To meet the thermal comfort requirements of personnel;
(4) The air supply volume should be reduced as far as possible.
_It has little influence on indoor equipment and personnel.
Effective discharge of harmful gases. In the design of intermediate I operating room, the centralized air supply velocity should be controlled at 0.45-0.5 m/s to ensure that the air speed in the operating area is 0.25-0.3 m/s and the unidirectional flow pattern is maintained; the centralized air supply velocity of II and III operating rooms should be controlled above 0.15 m/s; turbulent flow pattern can be adopted in IV operating room. Operating room return air adopts the lower side wall return air, the lower side of return air outlet is 0.15m from the ground, the upper side is 0.45M from the ground, and the shutters of return air outlet are vertical adjustable blades. The air outlet of the operating room is arranged on the roof near the patient's head. The temperature difference of air supply should be determined by the number of indoor air circulation and the load of heat and humidity. The larger the temperature difference of air supply, the more air around it is guided by the jet of air supply, and the greater the secondary pollution degree of air flow reaching the working face, thus affecting the purification effect. The temperature difference of air supply in this design is controlled at 0.5-2 C.
Air quality assurance system:
The air quality assurance system is mainly embodied in three aspects in this design: one is to install electric airtight valves on the air inlet and outlet pipes of the operating room; the other is to install ultraviolet bactericidal lamps in each circulating purification air conditioning unit to prevent various bacteria from breeding; the other is to install electric airtight valves when the air conditioning system of an operating room stops running and the corresponding electric airtight valves are closed in time to prevent the operating room from being polluted. Reasonable air filtration system. Air filtration is the most effective, safe, economical and convenient method of sterilization. Reasonable configuration of filtration system can not only improve the comprehensive filtration efficiency, but also greatly prolong the service life of the filter, thereby reducing the operation cost. In this design, four-stage filtration is set up for the circulating system, i.e. crude and medium-efficiency filtration of return air outlet, medium-efficiency filtration in air conditioning unit and high-efficiency filtration at centralized air outlet (full coverage rate of high-efficiency filter is not less than 0.75); three-stage filtration of crude, medium-efficiency and sub-high-efficiency is set up for fresh air unit; in addition, it is worth noting that filtration system should also be set up in exhaust system to prevent air pollution.
Key points of system operation and control:
(1) The air conditioning unit and fresh air system run simultaneously during the normal working period of the operating department; when only part of the operating room works, only the independent air conditioning unit and fresh air system of the operating room need to be operated, which not only guarantees the normal work of part of the operating room, but also guarantees the normal pressure distribution and directional flow of the whole operating department. The minimum static pressure difference between I and II operating rooms and adjacent low-level clean rooms is 8 Pa, that between other clean rooms and adjacent low-level clean rooms is 5 Pa, and that between negative-pressure clean rooms and adjacent clean rooms is - 8 Pa.
(2) Because the amount of fresh air needed to ensure the positive pressure of indoor non-working time is not equal to that needed by the operating department during normal working period, the former is smaller than the latter, so when adopting the air conditioning system of the clean operating department with independent fresh air system, the two-position controlled constant air volume device should be adopted. When the operating room is working, the opening signal of the operating room requires the start of air conditioning unit and exhaust fan unit, and at the same time requires the double-position constant air volume regulating valve to be in high-grade and high-volume operation state. When a operating room is not used, the double-control constant air volume device on the fresh air branch automatically adjusts to low-level, the fresh air enters according to the amount of air maintaining positive pressure, the exhaust fan unit closes, and the fresh air maintaining positive pressure passes through infiltration. Exit outdoors to maintain the positive pressure needed indoors. Since only one system is fed in, the orderly gradient pressure distribution in the clean operation Department can be guaranteed to remain basically unchanged and the safeguard system can be effectively implemented.
(3) Closed valves should be installed in the circulating air supply, return air and exhaust ducts of each room. When the indoor air conditioning units and exhaust fans are closed during the non-working period, the closed valves should be closed. Only the independent fresh air supply system can prevent the positive air supply from being poured into the return air or exhaust air system, which makes it difficult to guarantee the original positive pressure gradient.
(4) Each operating room is equipped with an exhaust fan unit with an independent exhaust pipe. The exhaust fan is interlocked with the automatic door of the operating room, and is equipped with a frequency converter and a delay device. When the door is opened instantly, the exhaust fan stops immediately; after closing the door, the positive pressure is established, and then the exhaust fan is opened again, which not only ensures that the positive pressure is maintained when the door is opened, but also avoids frequent start and stop of the exhaust fan due to the opening and closing of the door; when the exhaust fan is in normal operation, the air volume can be controlled by the frequency converter and the indoor pressure can be maintained at the normal level.
_Independent fresh air unit control, using static pressure mode to control fan frequency conversion, adjust air volume, in order to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Fresh air units are interlocked with air conditioning units. Only by starting the fresh air units first can the air conditioning units in operating rooms be started. As long as there is an operating room working, the fresh air system will continue to operate. Only when the whole operation Department is closed, the fresh air unit will be shut down.
A set of DDC field controllers are used for fresh air unit and circulating air conditioning unit to control temperature, humidity, primary return air volume, water valve opening, and to monitor and alarm the pressure difference before and after the filter. The operating room is equipped with a general controller, which is interlinked with air conditioning units, exhaust fan units, fresh air units and other equipment. The parameters of indoor air control can be set on site.
As a technical enterprise focusing on the design, research and development, construction and installation of clean operating room purification engineering in Shandong Province, Edward Purification has been steadfastly on the road of construction and development of clean operating room purification engineering. It is a truly trustworthy professional clean operating room purifier for domestic enterprises! For more knowledge of medical purification industry, please pay attention to Weixingong. Master name: Aide-188 (Ed Purifies Oxygen Supply)
