In hospital work, imaging diagnostic equipment and radiotherapy equipment will produce radiation in operation. Radiation may affect the health of hospital staff and patients. Radiation beyond a certain value will directly affect the situation of human tissues, which is not conducive to human health. In order to control the influence of radiation produced by image detection equipment on hospital staff and avoid the emergence of radiation hazards, the construction of radiation protection project is necessary in hospital construction.
Radiation Protection in the Construction of One Hospital
The radiation produced by various kinds of equipment in hospital work will directly affect the health of staff. Therefore, according to the actual needs and the protection requirements in different hospital areas, the constructors should design reasonable radiation protection projects to ensure the health of hospital staff.
Radiation protection engineering has a strong specialty. The construction personnel need to design the protection engineering on the premise of understanding the different radiation characteristics and the radiation distribution in the hospital area. In some current construction, designers and builders as well as hospital builders lack of understanding of the details of radiation protection projects, which directly affects the quality of radiation protection projects.
The following is an introduction to radiation protection.
Classification of Radiation and Protection Engineering
The construction and design of protection projects need to be combined with different radiation types. According to the ionizing radiation and electromagnetic radiation produced in hospital work, the current hospital radiation protection project can be divided into radiation protection project and electromagnetic shielding project.
The radiation protection project is mainly aimed at the equipment working area which may produce radiation such as X-ray. At present, the places where radiation may be produced in hospitals include the working area of medical equipment, the radionuclide treatment area and the corresponding radioactive wastewater treatment area.
Electromagnetic shielding engineering mainly shields and isolates the magnetic and radio frequency in the hospital, and reduces the influence of radiation factors on the work of the hospital.
The structure of different radiation protection projects also has some differences. Current protection projects can be divided into structural protection projects and decorative protection projects.
Structural protection works are usually constructed in working areas such as accelerators and gamma knives to prevent radiation leakage. Its construction needs to be carried out in conjunction with hospital construction works.
Decoration and protection engineering is generally aimed at the working area of equipment such as nuclear magnetic resonance to carry out construction, with the help of space decoration and other means to complete the isolation and protection of radiation, usually used in hospital construction and decoration engineering.

Protective area of 02 hospital
The design and construction of protective areas need to be determined according to the different work and functions of different areas. The functional areas requiring construction of radiation protection projects include the following categories:
Medical equipment produces radiation or electromagnetic radiation in the work, which affects the health of hospital staff.
Functional areas where external electromagnetic radiation affects the normal operation of medical equipment in the region;
The area where the staff involved in radiation therapy need to stay during the radiation decay period.
In different areas, the types and intensity of electromagnetic radiation are different. According to their different characteristics, optimizing the structural design and construction process of protective engineering can greatly improve the construction quality and optimize its functions.
In order to optimize the design of radiation protection engineering, we need to refer to the types of equipment, patients and the nature of radiation sources in different areas of the hospital.
Generally speaking, protective engineering needs to be carried out in the whole process of radiation generation, movement and transmission, in order to ensure the normal operation of the hospital and avoid the influence of radiation factors on the health of hospital staff.
Key Construction Points of Base Radiation Protection Project
Selection of construction materials
There are great differences in the nature of different kinds of radiation. Therefore, for different kinds of electromagnetic radiation, constructors need to choose different kinds of protective materials to ensure the actual effect of protection projects.
The material of radiation protection project should be optimized according to the actual needs of the project and on the premise of meeting the protection purpose, and ensure that the efficient construction technology can be used in the project.
In the process of material selection, lead equivalent in material composition is an important index to measure the radiation protection performance of materials. In the actual selection process, construction personnel should select different lead equivalent construction materials according to the protection needs of different regions.
In choosing the thickness of construction materials, the construction personnel should also determine the thickness of materials according to the protection equivalent and radiation intensity, so as to ensure that the protection works play their normal functions.
In the current radiation protection project, the common materials include concrete, lead plate, barium sulfate composition and various anti-radiation coatings, etc. In the actual construction, design technicians should combine engineering design and use different materials in different hospital functional areas to ensure the protection function and hospital function. Matching.
In the current construction, accelerator, gamma knife, cyber knife and back-loading equipment will generally produce more serious high-energy radiation. Therefore, in the actual construction, construction personnel will use Barite Concrete to complete the protection project.
For some high-power accelerators, neutron radiation protection layer should be added in actual construction, and polyethylene and other materials should be used to complete radiation protection.
In some low-energy radiation rooms, such as CT rooms, constructors often use concrete, lead sheet and radiation-proof coatings and other materials to combine to improve the quality of radiation protection.
In addition to building structures, protective windows and other structures will be used to complete the radiation protection work. Lead glass windows are often used in protective windows, and lead-lined doors are used in the setting of protective doors to enhance the protection and shielding of radiation in the area.
In the actual construction of electromagnetic shielding project, metal sheets and some nets will be used to complete the shielding of electromagnetic radiation. Common netting materials include aluminum, copper and stainless steel and other metal materials. By constructing electromagnetic shielding in these areas, the leakage of electromagnetic radiation can be avoided and the health of hospital staff can be guaranteed. Avoid the influence of electromagnetic radiation on some equipment in work.
02 Construction Location and Technology
The radiation source will not only radiate in the direction of the main ray, but also affect the electromagnetic environment in other directions. The existence of scattering rays is the main factor affecting the health of hospital staff and patients. Therefore, in view of some rooms which may cause radiation problems, the construction of protection engineering should be carried out in an all-round way, and radiation protection treatment should be carried out in different aspects of the room to ensure the quality of radiation protection work.
Metal materials will affect the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, cause certain losses to it, and then produce electromagnetic shielding effect. In actual construction, technicians can use metal materials to install reasonably on six sides of the room to form electromagnetic shielding effect in the room, so as to avoid radiation leakage affecting the staff's body. Healthy.
During the construction, self-tapping nails are usually used to fix the radiation-proof lead plate. As a heavy construction material, lead plate may cause structural damage during long-term use, which affects the radiation protection effect.
In order to ensure the long-term effectiveness of radiation protection in current engineering construction, nailing method is often used to fix the lead plate. During construction, technicians will fix high-strength sheets on the building skeleton of the room as the base material to fix the lead plate, improve the installation quality of the lead plate, and avoid the problems of lead plate falling off in use.
In the current hospital protection project, formwork assembly is often used to complete the installation of shielding materials in electromagnetic shielding construction. General engineers will use copper plate as shielding material, fix it on the wooden frame in construction, and then make template according to the actual installation requirements, so as to facilitate the follow-up construction process. Bolts and welding are used to fix the different construction modules, which is convenient for subsequent replacement and maintenance, and conducive to long-term use.
03 construction sequence
In the construction of hospital protection project, the construction personnel should strictly follow the previous engineering design drawings and the corresponding construction specifications to complete the construction and ensure the construction quality of the project.
In the field construction process, managers should divide different construction processes and cooperate with each other in order to optimize the construction quality of the project.
The overall construction process of the protection project is as follows:
Complete the construction of radiation protection structure and facilities;
2. Installation of decorative structures such as protective doors and windows;
3. After finishing decoration construction, use radiation-proof paint to deal with the construction area reasonably, and install electric protective door, so as to improve the effect of protective engineering in an all-round way.
It should be noted that:
The installation of protective doors and windows should be carried out in a certain order. In the installation of protective doors, technicians should first install the door frame, and then install the door body.
The installation of protective window is to install the protective window frame first, and then complete the installation of glass.
Strictly following the construction sequence can avoid unnecessary construction problems, optimize the construction quality and facilitate the management work.
Management of Three Protection Projects
Hospital protection engineering should also be managed in the actual construction, so as to ensure that it can play a long-term radiation protection function. The management work involves the construction process and the acceptance process of later use, which directly affects its normal function. Managers should strengthen their understanding of protective engineering in order to optimize the construction quality of the project.
Synchronization Management in 01 Construction
In hospital radiation protection project, managers should achieve "two synchronizations" in the project, namely:
Synchronization of Structural Construction in Construction Engineering and Structural Construction in Protection Engineering
Synchronization of Decoration Construction Process of Building Decoration Engineering and Protection Engineering
If protective engineering wants to play its normal function, it will affect the quality of synchronous upgrading of structural protection and decorative protection. These two kinds of construction processes should be synchronized with the normal construction process of hospitals, so as to ensure that protective engineering can run through the whole construction process and effectively improve the quality of radiation protection work.
02 Quality Control in Construction Stage
Firstly, in the process of structure construction, in order to ensure the effect of radiation protection, construction personnel should ensure the use of construction materials with radiation protection function.
In structure, the constructors should adopt concrete solid bricks with certain lead equivalent, and use cement mortar to treat the cracks between the bricks, so as to avoid the existence of cracks in the wall structure affecting the normal radiation protection function.
In the construction treatment of the wall, the constructors should strictly follow the construction thickness and structure design, use protective construction materials with radiation protection function to complete the construction treatment of the wall, ensure the smooth wall without pits, and use radiation protection materials to optimize the function of the wall.
Secondly, in the installation of some protective equipment, the constructors should combine the layout of the lines, complete the installation of the lines and pipelines before the beginning of the subsequent decoration project, and use radiation protection materials to deal with the installation location of the pipelines, so as to improve the radiation protection effect in an all-round way.
Finally, in the construction of radiation protection engineering and electromagnetic shielding engineering, we must use materials to meet the needs of the project, use lead sheets whose thickness meets the design requirements, and construct according to the design requirements in the installation and wall construction to ensure that their functions meet the design requirements.
epilogue
At present, the use of image analysis equipment is indispensable in hospital work. All kinds of modern equipment and modern treatment technology will produce radiation. In order to reduce the impact of radiation on the health of patients and staff in hospitals, in future construction, hospitals should pay attention to the construction of radiation protection projects and the construction management process, and complete the protection construction strictly according to the construction design plan of the project, so as to promote the function of protection projects and optimize the hospital's environment. Circumstantial conditions. _
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